INTRODUCTION: A "MONDE RENVERSE" Between its foundation by Sultan Mehemmed the Conqueror (reg. 1451-81) and its abandonment in the middle of the nineteenth century, the Saray, the Palace in Constantinople, served for more than 400 years not only as the residence of the Ottoman Sultans and their royal household, but also as the seat of their imperial rule. More than that, it determined the impri...

not an overwhelming burden to the newspaper. Also, because the number of black models used would be entirely discretionary, such requirements would not impose a "quota" on the inclusion of black models. Furthermore, the court held that inclusion of such models would not significantly burden the numerous arbitrary decisions made in every advertisement. Based on the standards above, the court hel...

Court scholars have a voracious appetite for Supreme Court preference measures. Several papers question whether widely-used Martin and Quinn scores provide valid intertemporal measures, calling into question virtually an entire generation of quantitative research on the Court. This paper discusses the challenges of inter-temporal preference estimation and revises, updates and extends Bailey and...

This study attempts to explain why the Supreme Court responds to public mood by analyzing individual justice liberalism and comparing it to public liberalism between the years of1970 and 2001. Three theories suggesting why the Court may respond to public opinion are discussed, including the replacement, political adjustment, and the attitude change hypotheses. The method of using Court reversal...

In December 1993, Garyand JenniferTroxel filed a petition in Washington Superior Court to obtain increased visitation with their two granddaughters under theprovision ofaWashington statuteallowing any person toseekvisitation ofachild ifthevisitation could beshown to be in the child's best interest.' The trial courtgranted increased visitations to thegrand parents. The Washington Court ofAppeals...

* Chairman, National Environment Tribunal, Kenya. Former Director, UNEP. This paper draws from earlier papers on past colloquia in Kenya, two for High Court Judges (January and April 2006) and one for East Africa: the Court of Appeal Judges for Kenya, Tanzania and Supreme Court and Court of Appeal, Uganda. I acknowledge the research and other contributions of Judy Gitau of Kaniaru & Kaniaru Adv...

This case involves two proceedings, one pending in state court, the other in federal court. Each seeks review of an Iowa Utilities Board (IUB or Board) order. And each presents the question whether Windstream Iowa Communications, Inc. (Windstream), a local telecommunications carrier, may impose on Sprint Communications, Inc. (Sprint), intrastate access charges for telephone calls transported vi...

The German Federal Administrative Court recently announced an order (finalized on January 20, 2014) on the neurobiological experiments on primate brains of Prof. Kreiter at the University of Bremen. With this order, a preceding court decision by the Higher Administrative Court of Bremen was established as final and absolute and the last glimmer of hope to end the suffering of the primates in Br...