How do former armed militants exercise local political power after civil wars end? Building on recent advances in the study of "rebel rulers" and goods provision by groups, this article offers a typology ex-rebel commander authority that emphasizes two dimensions militants' power: local-level ties to civilian populations ruled during war national-level post-conflict state elites. Put together, ...

HabilisDraw is a tool-based drawing environment that contains analogs of physical tools, such as pens, rulers, pushpins, and so forth. The environment is designed to exploit users’ intuitions about physical interactions between tools and objects. We are currently porting HabilisDraw to the DiamondTouch in order to explore issues in two-handed tool use.

Local measurements of the Hubble parameter obtained from distance ladder at low redshift are in tension with global values inferred cosmological standard rulers. A key role is played by assumptions on history, particular origin dark energy. Here we consider a scenario where energy originates amplification quantum fluctuations light field inflation. We show that spatial correlations inherited in...

In this paper, a construction of the Golomb optimal rulers is studied with a tree search approach. Improvements to the basic algorithm are given and it is parallelized using a shared memory. The application associated to this approach is written in C using the standard OpenMP and MPI libraries. The algorithm takes advantage of a collaboration mechanism between the processors. Different load bal...

although the history of iran is rife with conquerors and military campaign, but there were not any national and real army at all. in fact, the idea of a single unified army has no precedent in iranian history. ever in the timesthe achaemenid empire, the rulers had felt safer with separate units of armed forces. this mechanism allowed them to play on one group against another so  prevented any c...

The best measure of the Universe should be done using a standard “ruler” at any redshift. Type Ia Supernovae (SN Ia) probe the universe up to z∼1.5, while the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) primary anisotropies concern basically z ∼1000. Apparently, Gamma–Ray Bursts (GRBs) are all but standard candles. However, their emission is collimated and the collimation–corrected energy correlates tigh...

Human niche construction encompasses both purely biological phenomena, such as the evolution of lactose tolerance, and dual inheritance theory, which investigates the transmission of cultural information. But does niche construction help to explain phenomena in which conscious intention also plays a role? The creation of the engineered landscape of Balinese rice terraces offers a test case. Pop...