Introduction: Behaviors of the Martian climate system has been investigated in several studies [e.g., 1-4]. If the Martian climate was warm owing to the greenhouse effect of CO 2 in the past, a drastic climate change (climate jump or climate collapse) due to decrease in the amount of CO 2 in the system must have occurred during the evolution from a warm condition to the present cold condition [...

glutathione s-transferases (gsts) are members of multigenic family which have the essential functionin cells as an antioxidant. in the present study we studied the polymorphism of gstt1 and gstm1 deletion genotypes in iranian patients with primary closed angle glaucoma (pcag) compared to healthy subjects. we conducted a study of 41 pcag patients (24 women, 17 men) and 100 healthy participants (...

The Yarkovsky–O’Keefe–Radzievski–Paddack (YORP) effect is a thermal radiation torque that causes small objects to speed up or slow down their rotation and modify their spin vector orientation. This effect has important implications for spin dynamics of diameter D 50 km asteroids. In our previous work we developed an analytic theory for the component of the YORP torque that affects the spin rate...

0019-1035/$ see front matter 2011 Published by doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.002 ⇑ Corresponding author. Address: MS 183-301, Jet Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (B.G. B Nimmo). We examine models of secular variations in the orbit and spin poles of Ceres and Vesta, the two most massive bodies in the main asteroid belt. If the spin poles are fu...

Early Pleistocene glacial cycles in marine δO exhibit strong obliquity pacing, but there is a perplexing lack of precession variability despite its important influence on summer insolation intensity – the presumed forcing of ice sheet growth and decay according to the Milankovitch hypothesis. This puzzle has been explained in two ways: Northern Hemisphere ice sheets instead respond to insolatio...

Recovery Factor is an important parameter in determining commercial viability of the oil Reservoirs. Wettability is a major factor that affects oil Recovery. Therefore, changing rock wettability may enhance oil recovery. In this paper, the effect of polysilicon nanoparticles on wettability change of Iranian carbonate reservoir is investigated. To assess this, hydrophilic changes of carbonate ro...

[Purpose] To investigate the effects of two common asymmetric sitting positions on spinal balance. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty-seven healthy subjects in their twenties were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. Asymmetric positions of resting the chin on a hand and crossing the legs were performed by each group for 1 hour. After 1 hour, the subjects lay in the supine position again a...

[1] Variations in the Martian water and CO2 cycles with changes in orbital and rotational parameters are examined using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Mars General Circulation Model. The model allows for arbitrary specification of obliquity, eccentricity, and argument of perihelion as well as the position and thickness of surface ice. Exchange of CO2 between the surface and atmospher...

BACKGROUND Sacral slanting is a frequent unique phenomenon in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and may be important for selecting the distal fusion level. However, the reason of the phenomenon remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between sacral slanting and adjacent structures in patients with AIS. METHODS A total of 303 AIS patients w...

The Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral has been formulated for incident Gaussian laser beams by using the Kirchhoff obliquity factor with the wave front instead of the aperture plane as the surface of integration. Accurate numerical-integration calculations were used to investigate the Fresnel field diffraction region for the much-studied case of a circular aperture. It is shown that the clas...