This study investigated a mechanism for controlling the shape of Cu nanocrystals fabricated using the polyol process, which considers the thermodynamic transition from a faceted surface to a rough surface and the growth mechanisms of nanocrystals with faceted or rough surfaces. The faceted surfaces were stable at relatively low temperatures because of the low entropy of perfectly faceted surfac...

Delineating protected areas for sensitive species is a growing challenge as changing climate alters the geographic pattern of habitats as well as human responses to those shifts. When human impacts are expected within projected ranges of threatened species, there is often demand to demarcate the minimum habitat required to ensure the species' persistence. Because diminished or wide-ranging popu...

To evaluate the adaptive value of the widening of the bilobed tarsi that has paralleled the tremendous radiation of the staphylinid genus Stenus, the performance of slender versus wide tarsi has been evaluated in two different contexts: (i) locomotion on the surface of water, and (ii) climbing on vertical (plant) surfaces. Contact angle measurements at the underside of the tarsi have revealed t...

We study a stationary wetting problem on rough and inhomogeneous solid surfaces. We derive a new formula for the apparent contact angle by asymptotic two-scale homogenization method. The formula is reduced to a modified Wenzel equation for geometrically rough surfaces and a modified Cassie equation for chemically inhomogeneous surfaces. Unlike the classical Wenzel and Cassie equations, the modi...

A discrete network method based on previous asymptotic analysis for computing fluid flows between confined rough surfaces is proposed. This random heterogeneous geodesic network method could be either applied to surfaces described by a continuous random field or finely discretized on a regular grid. This method tackles the difficult problem of fluid transport between rough surfaces in close con...

The most widely used method to study the condition of aerial ropes is the magnetic non-destructive method. Localized and distributed flaws in aerial ropes are detected in this method. An attempt has been made in this paper to highlight the findings in case of track ropes in the longest aerial ropeway in India.

Microfacet models have proven very successful for modeling light reflection from rough surfaces. In this paper we review microfacet theory and demonstrate how it can be extended to simulate transmission through rough surfaces such as etched glass. We compare the resulting transmission model to measured data from several real surfaces and discuss appropriate choices for the microfacet distributi...

[1] Flux ropes have long been observed in the upper atmosphere of Venus and more recently at Mars. Here we present magnetic field measurements of flux ropes encountered at the southern terminator of Mars by Mars Global Surveyor and compare them to a flux rope model. This allows several parameters of each rope to be inferred. Remarkably similar flux ropes are met repeatedly at the southern termi...

The Reynolds number dependence of turbulent channel flow over two irregular rough surfaces, based on scans of a graphite and a gritblasted surface, is studied by direct numerical simulation. The aim is to characterise the changes in the flow in the immediate vicinity of and within the rough surfaces, an area of the flow where it is difficult to obtain experimental measurements. The average roug...