since the emergence of power market, the target of power generating utilities has mainly switched from cost minimization to revenue maximization. they dispatch their power energy generation units in the uncertain environment of power market. as a result, multi-stage stochastic programming has been applied widely by many power generating agents as a suitable tool for dealing with self-scheduling...

Poor thermal shock and resistance to crack propagation have had a negative influence on the acceptance of ceramics for components in air breathing engine applications. In comparison with their metallic counterparts, they are less predictable and there is limited historical in-use data available. They have therefore been considered primarily for non-load bearing applications such as flaps and se...

A study was conducted in Louisburg, North Carolina, to determine the effect of level spreader–vegetative filter strip (LS-VFS) storm-water control measures (SCMs) on runoff temperature and thermal loading. Two LS-VFS systems draining an urban catchment were monitored during the summers of 2008 and 2009. The first VFS was 7.6 m wide and entirely grassed. The second was 15.2 m wide, with the firs...

Objective In this study, marginal and internal misfit and fracture load with and without thermal-mechanical aging (TMA) of monolithic ZLS and lithium disilicate (LDS) crowns were evaluated. Material and methods Crowns were milled using a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system. Marginal gaps (MGs), absolute marginal discrepancy (AMD), axial gaps, and occlusal gaps were measu...