We establish that boundary degrees of freedom associated with a generic co-dimension one null surface in $D$ dimensional pure Einstein gravity naturally admit thermodynamical description. expect the $\textit{null thermodynamics}$ to universally follow as result diffeomorphism invariance theory, not relying on other special features or theory. Using standard charge analysis and covariant phase s...

By using the quasi Gaussian entropy theory in combination with molecular dynamics simulations and the perturbed matrix method, we investigate the ground and excited state thermodynamics of aqueous carbon monoxide. Results show that the model used is rather accurate and provides a great detail in the description of the excitation thermodynamics.

Evidence implies that basic laws of thermodynamics must be tested by experiments. In this paper, an experiment is designed to measure the entropy of a system with at least one known (measurable) equation of state, especially the gas systems. Since the entropy can be measured now, the formulae related to the second law of thermodynamics can be examined by other experiments.

In this paper we will investigate the validity of the Generalized Second Law of thermodynamics for the Quintom model of dark energy. Reviewing briefly the quintom scenario of dark energy, we will study the conditions of validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics in three cases: quintessence dominated, phantom dominated and transition from quintessence to phantom will be discussed.