Thermoregulation is the capability of an animal to maintain its core internal temperature by homeostasis. Small ruminants like sheep and goats acclimate different environmental changes often perform better during heat stress than other ruminants. Adapting small exceptional weather events occurs through behavioral, genetic, physiological, morphological mechanisms. can mitigate consequences therm...

This subjective essay is a personal reminiscence of my 60 y as a thermophysiologist. I recall the academic environment that I entered in the mid-50s, review our knowledge of thermoregulatory mechanisms then, and note the research that exploded in the 60s and continued through the 90s to bring us to our present state of sophistication. I conclude by mentioning some new research that may signal t...

The purposes of this review are to show pathophysiological mechanisms for heat illness during working in a hot environment and accordingly provide some preventive considerations from a viewpoint of body fluid homeostasis. The incidence of the heat illness is closely associated with body temperature regulation, which is much affected by body fluid state in humans. Heat generated by contracting m...