The hippocampal theta rhythm plays important roles in information processing; however, the mechanisms of its generation are not well understood. We developed a data-driven, supercomputer-based, full-scale (1:1) model of the rodent CA1 area and studied its interneurons during theta oscillations. Theta rhythm with phase-locked gamma oscillations and phase-preferential discharges of distinct inter...

Human theta (4-8 Hz) activity in the medial temporal lobe correlates with memory formation; however, the precise role that theta plays in the memory system remains elusive (Hanslmayr and Staudigl, ). Recently, prestimulus theta activity has been associated with successful memory formation, although its specific cognitive role remains unknown (e.g., Fell et al., 2011). In this report, we demonst...

Reduced expression of Sp4, the murine homolog of human SP4, a risk gene of multiple psychiatric disorders, led to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) hypofunction in mice, producing behavioral phenotypes reminiscent of schizophrenia, including hypersensitivity to ketamine. As accumulating evidence on molecular mechanisms and behavioral phenotypes established Sp4 hypomorphism as a promising animal model...

Hippocampal theta oscillations are postulated to support mnemonic processes in humans and rodents. Theta oscillations facilitate encoding and spatial navigation, but to date, it has been difficult to dissociate the effects of volitional movement from the cognitive demands of a task. Therefore, we examined whether volitional movement or cognitive demands exerted a greater modulating factor over ...

We have simulated both conventional (V1) and saturation transfer (V'2) electron paramagnetic resonance spectra for the case of Brownian rotational diffusion restricted in angular amplitude. Numerical solutions of the diffusion-coupled Bloch equations were obtained for an axially symmetric 14N nitroxide spin label with its principal axis rotating within a Gaussian angular distribution of full wi...

In this paper we prove a new version of Kransoselskii's fixed-point theorem under ($\psi, \theta, \varphi$)-weak contraction condition. The theoretical result is applied to the existence solution following fractional hybrid differential equation involving Riemann-Liouville and integral operators orders $0<\alpha<1$ $\beta>0:$ \begin{equation}\nonumber \left\{\begin{array}{ll} D^{\alpha}[x(t)-f(...

The rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is critical for spatial working memory (SWM), but the underlying neural processes are incompletely understood. During SWM tasks, neural activity in the mPFC becomes synchronized with theta oscillations in the hippocampus, and the strength of hippocampal-prefrontal synchrony is correlated with behavioral performance. However, to what extent the mPFC gen...

For $N\geq 3$, by the seminal paper of Brezis and V\'eron (Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 75(1):1--6, 1980/81), no positive solutions $-\Delta u+u^q=0$ in $\mathbb R^N\setminus \{0\}$ exist if $q\geq N/(N-2)$; for $11$ $\theta\in \mathbb R$, we prove that nonlinear ell...

Rats were implanted chronically with hippocampal recording electrodes, a microinfusion guide cannula aimed at the medial septal nucleus, and an electrode for electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamic nucleus (PH). PH stimulation elicited running in rats placed in a wheel and simultaneously occurring hippocampal theta field activity (HPC-theta). In the preprocaine (PRE) testing condit...