Thiamine transporter-2 deficiency is a recessive disease caused by mutations in the SLC19A3 gene. Patients manifest acute episodes of encephalopathy; symmetric lesions in the cortex, basal ganglia, thalami or periaqueductal gray matter, and a dramatic response to biotin or thiamine. We report a 30-day-old patient with mutations in the SLC19A3 gene who presented with acute encephalopathy and inc...

Impaired energy metabolism is considered a possible cause of fatigue. The thiamine derivative, thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD), is prescribed and is also an over-the-counter drug for the attenuation of fatigue. It is readily absorbed from the intestinal tract and converted into thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), which plays an important role as a cofactor for enzymes of metabolic pathwa...

Thiamine metabolism genes are regulated in numerous bacteria by a riboswitch class that binds the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). We demonstrate that the antimicrobial action of the thiamine analog pyrithiamine (PT) is mediated by interaction with TPP riboswitches in bacteria and fungi. For example, pyrithiamine pyrophosphate (PTPP) binds the TPP riboswitch controlling the tenA operon in...

Wernicke's encephalopathy is caused by severe thiamine deficiency; it is mostly observed in alcoholic patients. We report the case of a 28-year-old woman, at 17 weeks of gestational age, with severe hyperemesis gravidarum. She presented with disturbance of consciousness, nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia. The resonance magnetic imagery showed bilaterally symmetrical hyperintensities of tha...

In patients with congestive heart failure, thiamine deficiency has been demonstrated by the test-dose method (1, 2), by measurement of the lactate-pyruvate ratio of the blood (3), and by determination of blood cocarboxylase (4). The oxidation of pyruvate to acetate requires thiamine in the form of cocarboxylase (thiamine pyrophosphate). Olson, Pearson, Miller, and Stare have shown that thiamine...

Objective: Review the relationship between thiamine and schizophrenia. Methods: Information was obtained from MEDLINE. Results: Nutritional status has been related to the development of schizophrenia. Genetic studies have identified numerous factors that link thiamine to schizophrenia, including the renin angiotensin system, heme oxygenase-1, advanced glycation end products, alpha-antitrypsin, ...

Recent evidence suggests that alterations in oxidative metabolism induced by thiamine deficiency lead to neuronal cell death. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are still under extensive investigation. Here, we report that rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells differentiated in the presence of NGF into neurons undergo apoptosis due to thiamine deficiency caused by antagonists ...

Bartnicki-Garcia, S. (Rutgers, the State University, New Brunswick, N. J.), and Walter J. Nickerson. Thiamine and nicotinic acid: Anaerobic growth factors for Mucor rouxii. J. Bacteriol. 82:142-148. 1961.-Mucor rouxii requires preformed thiamine and nicotinic acid for anaerobic growth. Such requirements are not manifested during aerobic incubation. Aerobically, the fungus was shown to be able t...

AIM To review the process of identifying alcohol-dependent patients at risk of developing Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) in the community, and prophylactic treatment options. METHODS Non-systematic literature review of the diagnosis of thiamine deficiency and of its treatment in the community. The role of supplementation of beer and bread with thiamine was evaluated. RESULTS The diagnosis o...

Introduction Neurological disorders, particularly diabetic neuropathy, have been treated with vitamin B1 (thiamine) for decades; however, the bioavailability of orally administered, water-soluble thiamine salts is low compared to fat-soluble analogs. For treatment to be successful, high levels of thiamine are needed in both blood and tissues. In 1954, Fujiwara discovered a group of lipid-solubl...