in democratic governments, major basis of political power is people intention, and government is manifestation of national intention, and it's legitimacy is caused of public intention and will. in democratic governments, is applied political power through active political participation, that base on various political institutions of society is setting by public opinion and under people sup...

by political choice, people achieve the official positions in political system. woman's political participation is one of the most important subjects that has been take attention of scientists and devoted much of sociopolitical topics. parliament provides suitable ground in order to woman's political participation. in this article, by using descriptive and analytical method, the barri...

after islamic revolution of 1979, the left wing had a new sphere to act in political eras, and overcastted on the other groups, but as soon as possible, the unreligious left leaved the political scene of iran after revolution. it seems the religious groups –as the only legal political actors- are integrated under “islamic republic party” but so soon, we saw the distinction between them all. jus...

This article investigates NATO burden sharing in the 1990s in light of strategic, technological, political, and membership changes. Both an ability-to-pay and a benefits-received analysis of burden sharing are conducted. During 1990-99, there is no evidence of disproportionate burden sharing, where the large allies shoulder the burdens of the small. Nevertheless, the theoretical model predicts ...

in the previous articles, dr. tijani presented a theoretical discussion over the fact that how political concepts and ideas are present in the stories of prophets. in this article he studies the meccan verses addressed to the koreyshites. he believes that political ideas were present in all devine religions and that they exist in islam, as well, because it is the continuation of the previous re...

This article investigates a novel type of war neurosis defined by Yugoslav psychiatrists in the aftermath of the Second World War. This uniquely Yugoslav war trauma-'partisan hysteria'-was diagnosed exclusively in Communist resistance soldiers-partisans-and did not manifest itself in the form of battle exhaustion or anxiety, as was the case in other armies. Rather, it demonstrated a heightened ...

This article aims to develop a critical approach to squatter (gecekondu) studies in Turkey and investigates the various representations of the gecekondu people in these studies in different periods by placing them in their social, political and economic contexts. It details changes in the representation of the gecekondu population from the ‘rural Other’ in the 1950s and 1960s, to the ‘disadvant...

this article describes and explains some theoretical challenges to political ideologies and seeks to offer some proper responses to these challenges. in this regard, the following ideas are concentrated: 1) the political ideologies have their own subjective and objective motives and their own cognitive basics. the more these motives and basics change the more the political ideologies modifies. ...

What is the meaning of marriage? The political fault lines that have emerged in the last election on the question of same-sex marriage suggest that there is no consensus on this issue. This article looks at the meaning of marriage against the backdrop of the same-sex marriage debate. Its focus is on the opposition to same-sex marriage. Drawing on the work of some leading conservative thinkers, ...

The Human Development Report 2007/2008 about climate change and development made bold arguments concerning human rights and justice for poor and disadvantaged populations. However, its policy proposals were less bold, looking very similar to those of the World Bank's World Development Report 2010. This article investigates in which direction the thinking on environment and sustainability by UND...