Frozen shoulder is a condition characterised by pain and global restriction of movement with loss of external rotation. It can be divided into primary and secondary forms. In the primary form there is no associated disease or a history of trauma, whilst the secondary form occurs after trauma or surgery. Its incidence in Caucasian populations is estimated to be between 2 and 5%. It occurs mainly...

27 Movement control responsible for generation of maximal hand velocity was 28 studied on the example of horizontal arm swing that is a component of various sports 29 activities. The movement was performed with the non-dominant arm in similarity with 30 the baseball bat swing. The task was to generate maximum hand velocity at a target. The 31 movement included trunk long-axis rotation and horiz...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of cancellous screws as suture anchors, in open Bankart repair. STUDY DESIGN Case series. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Orthopaedics, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from March 2009 to October 2010. METHODOLOGY Fourteen patients with recurrent anterior dislocation were included in the study. Through anterior approach three 4 mm partia...

RATIONALE Proximal humerus fracture occuring simultaneously with dislocation of a shoulder in children is extremely rare, with only a few recent reports of on such cases having been reported. PATIENT CONCERNS A 6-year-old girl fell from a ladder and landed on her dominant right arm with pain in the right shoulder and unable to perform movements; her shoulder did not allow for passive movement...

STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study using a single-group, repeated-measures design. OBJECTIVES To investigate scapular kinematics during both constrained and functional shoulder movements. BACKGROUND Abnormal scapulothoracic joint motion has been associated with pathologies such as shoulder impingement. Constrained protocols are commonly used in the measurement of shoulder kinematics; ...

Case 1. Indian woman, aged 25 years-Four years before admission noticed swelling over the inner end of the right clavicle extending gradually over the shoulder and upper arm, associated with aching pain made worse by movement. She had one living child ; there had been two miscarriages, one at two months and one at three months. On examination there was generaiised swelling and tenderness over t...

In this paper we describe a novel method for determining synergies between joint motions in reaching movements by hierarchical clustering. A set of recorded elbow and shoulder trajectories is used in a learning algorithm to determine the relationships between angular velocities at elbow and shoulder joints. The learning algorithm is based on optimal criteria for obtaining the hierarchy of descr...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate upper-extremity kinematics and range of shoulder motion while wearing a wrist extension orthosis compared to the free hand at initial testing and after a week's wear. METHOD A convenience sample of healthy women, ages 20-50 years, performed a stacking task and a pouring task, freehanded and splinted, at two times, 1 week apart in this cou...

In this paper a simple terrain evaluation method for hexapod robot is introduced. This method is based on feet coordinate evaluation when all are on the ground. Depending on the feet coordinate differences the local terrain evaluation is possible. Terrain evaluation is necessary for right gait selection and/or body position correction. For terrain roughness evaluation three planes are plotted: ...

BACKGROUND Shoulder injuries are common in the primary care setting, yet general practitioners may feel unequipped to confidently assess the patient presenting with shoulder pain. OBJECTIVE This article provides a framework for the initial assessment of a patient presenting with an injured shoulder. DISCUSSION A solid understanding of the anatomy and unique features of the shoulder is impor...