The dominant outward rectifier K+ currents were examined in protoplasts from Vicia faba guard cells. In whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we generally observed that the conductance of the K+ inward and the outward rectifier gradually decreases. As a consequence of this run down a new steady state was achieved which was 90 ± 5% lower than that obtained at the beginning of the recording. The run...

In the DRiVE project, a flexible, hybrid communication system has been developed which performs dynamic allocation of spectral resources from a common region of spectrum to the participating radio systems. Thus, new spectral neighborhoods emerge, which pose requirements regarding the protection of one system from the adjacent channel interference generated by the other system. As an example, DR...

Korea has made a plan to transfer from analog television to Digital Television (DTV). Therefore, TV White Spaces (TVWS)are the unused TV broadcast channels which can be available for wireless communication systems. This paper assumes that DTV operates on Channel 34 and Long Term Evolution (LTE) is assumed that it uses Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD), and then upper 4 MHz of Channel 32 and ch...

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a major role in plant development and adaptation to severe environmental conditions. ABA evokes cellular events to regulate stomatal apertures and thus contributes to the plant's ability to respond to abiotic stresses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in response to ABA and mediate ABA-induced stomatal closure. We have shown that two MAP kinases, MPK9 and MPK...

Symbol-pair codes are proposed to guard against pair-errors in symbol-pair read channels. The minimum distance plays a vital role determining the error-correcting capability and constructions of with largest possible is great importance. Maximum separable (MDS) optimal sense that such can acheive Singleton bound. In this paper, for length 5p, two new classes MDS seven or eight constructed by ut...

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many stress-related processes in plants. In this context ABA mediates the responsiveness of plants to environmental stresses such as drought, cold or salt. In response to water stress, ABA induces stomatal closure by activating Ca2+, K+ and anion channels in guard cells. To understand the signalling pathways that regulate these turgor control eleme...

Stomatal transpiration is at the center of a crisis in water availability and crop production that is expected to unfold over the next 20 to 30 years. Global water usage has increased 6-fold in the past 100 years, twice as fast as the human population, and is expected to double again before 2030, driven mainly by irrigation and agriculture. Guard cell membrane transport is integral to controlli...

A number of studies show that environmental stress conditions such as drought, high salt, and air pollutants increase polyamine levels in plant cells. However, little is understood about the physiological function of elevated polyamine levels. We report here that polyamines regulate the voltage-dependent inward K(+) channel in the plasma membrane of guard cells and modulate stomatal aperture, a...

In the IST DRiVE project, a flexible, hybrid communication system has been developed which performs dynamic allocation of spectral resources from a common region of spectrum to the participating radio systems. Thus, new spectral neighborhoods emerge, which pose requirements regarding the protection of one system from the adjacent channel interference generated by the other system. As an example...

This study was undertaken to compare the excitability changes of sensory and motor axons during hyperventilation and ischaemia, and to determine why ectopic impulse activity develops more readily during hyperventilation, and in sensory fibres. During hyperventilation for 20 min, all six subjects reported paraesthesiae in the hand and face, and four out of the six developed muscle twitching and ...