In today’s world, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and several associated complications in various organs (heart, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract), as well significant multiple organ dysfunction, shock, even death. order to overcome serious with this pandemic virus prevent SARS-CoV-2 entry into host ...

It has been three years since the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at end in Wuhan, China, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). So far, over six million people around world have died COVID-19 (Murakami et al., 2023). With huge efforts from both academic and industrial organizations worldwide, development various types vaccines several n...

Valproic acid (VA), widely used as an antiepileptic, causes structural and functional kidney disorders. Whether thymoquinone (TQ) has a beneficial effect on valproic (VA)-induced nephrotoxicity been investigated. Twenty-one male Spraque Dawley rats were grouped into control, VA, VA + TQ groups (n=7 for per group). (500 mg/kg/day) (50 applied to the orally 14 days. They euthanized 15th day of tr...