▼ Thyroid cancer can be associated with thyrotoxicosis caused by Graves’ disease, toxic multinodular goiter, or autonomously functioning thyroid adenoma. The objective of this study was to summarize current evidence regarding the association of thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism, particularly with respect to the type of hyperthyroidism found in some patients, and whether this aff ects the outco...

Recent epidemiological studies recognized a steady increase in the incidence of different autoimmune endocrine disorders, including autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). The etiology of AITD is multifactorial and involves genetic and environmental factors and apparently with a strong preponderance in females. There are mainly two types of AITD, Graves' disease and Hashimoto's disease and both of t...

Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an ocular condition that frequently manifests with thyroid disfunction, and the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease. It involves organ specific autoimmune reaction can affect gland, orbital periorbital tissue. The primarily affects women it commonest cause unilateral bilateral axial proptosis in young middle -aged adults. clinic...

Thyroid cancer is a complex disease requiring management by large multidisciplinary team. The number of patients with diagnosis thyroid significantly increasing year-on-year, and traditional models consultant-led follow up are no longer sustainable. Although nurse-led follow-up clinics becomining increasingly common, rare. An excellent understanding the disease, treatment risk recurrence essent...

Objective: Long non-coding RNA’s (lncRNA’s) have a crucial role in cancer biology. In this study, the genome sequence analysis of lncRNA expression in autoimmune thyroid disease is done to identify novel targets for further study of the disease. Methods: All the data were collected from Disgenet and Ensemble genome browser. Gene ontology and network analysis were performed using the standard en...

The clinical significance of antibodies reacting with thyroid antigens in apparently healthy individuals is uncertam (I). Some authors claim those antibodies provide evidence of chronic thyroiditis (2) , a point of view supported by the presence of lymphocytic infiltration in thyroid glands from autopsied antibody-positive subjects without overt thyroid disease (3, 4). However, other investigat...