This work introduces capacity limits for molecular timing (MT) channels, where information is modulated on the release timing of small information particles, and decoded from the time of arrival at the receiver. It is shown that the random time of arrival can be represented as an additive noise channel, and for the diffusion-based MT (DBMT) channel this noise is distributed according to the Lév...

nowadays, due to increasing the complexity of ic engines, calibration task becomes more severe and the need to use surrogate models for investigating of the engine behavior arises. accordingly, many black box modeling approaches have been used in this context among which network based models are of the most powerful approaches thanks to their flexible structures. in this paper four network base...

introduction nowadays, due to higher environmental pollution and decreasing fossil fuels many countries make decisions to use renewable fuels and restrict using of fossil fuels. renewable fuels generally produce from biological sources. biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel derived from the transesterification of vegetable oils, animal fats, or waste frying oils. considering the differences be...

We summarize original research in the field of critical care nephrology accepted or published in 2009 in Critical Care or, when considered relevant or directly linked to this research, in other journals. Four main topics have been identified for a rapid overview: (a) post-surgical acute kidney injury (AKI); (b) timing of renal replacement therapy (RRT): different authors examined this critical ...

Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: To improve the outcomes of elderly patients with ESRD, it is necessary to develop a specific approach based on their comorbidities, disabilities and quality of life. which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. End stage renal disease (ESRD) is a pote...

The introduction and development of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) represents one of the most substantial changes in patient management on the intensive care unit (ICU). Several issues, however, are still unresolved. Adequacy of dialysis in critically ill patients involves more than simple control of urea (although considered reflective of toxic uraemic compounds). It also concerns...

Whether or not to provide RRT, and when to start, are two of the fundamental questions facing nephrologists and intensive-care practitioners in most cases of severe AKI. In recent publications, the timing of initiation of RRT was listed as one of the top priorities in research on AKI. However, this dimension has not been included as a factor in any of the large RCTs in this area. The optimal ti...

investigations are carried out to evaluate the performance of a low heat rejection (lhr) diesel engine consisting of air gap insulated piston with 3-mm air gap, with superni (an alloy of nickel) crown and air gap insulated liner with superni insert with different operating conditions of crude jatropha oil with varied injection timing and injection pressure.  performance parameters of brake ther...