BACKGROUND A previous study showed that many patients with positive gut related antibodies (anti-tissue transglutaminase (TTG) and/or anti-endomysium (EMA) antibodies), indicative of coeliac disease, were not offered a duodenal biopsy, despite the recommendation of the British Society for Gastroenterology guidelines. AIMS/METHODS To investigate whether the addition of a comment on the advisab...

Osteopontin is a multifunctional glycoprotein with roles in immunomodulation, inflammatory response, tissue mineralization, and tissue remodeling, which are mediated primarily through integrins. Transglutaminase 2 selectively cross-links proteins by isopeptide bonding. Osteopontin is one of the substrates of this enzyme and undergoes polymerization; however, the biological meaning of this polym...

The precise cause of neuronal death in Huntington's disease (HD) is unknown. Proteolytic products of the huntingtin protein can contribute to toxic cellular aggregates that may be formed in part by tissue transglutaminase (Tgase). Tgase activity is increased in HD brain. Treatment in R6/2 transgenic HD mice, using the transglutaminase inhibitor cystamine, significantly extended survival, improv...

OBJECTIVE The association between celiac disease and diabetes mellitus has been known for many decades. This combination can be observed in a large proportion of diabetic patients, who are generally asymptomatic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of celiac disease in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study e...

Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the yield of screening for celiac disease in children with failure to thrive and with or without chronic diarrhea. Methods: In this prospective study, 144 children aged 1-14 years and weighed below the fifth percentile with or without chronic diarrhea were studied during six months in 2010. Sample collection was done in the private offic...

Some authors contend that patients with idiopathic neurological disease who are also anti-gliadin antibody seropositive are gluten sensitive. However, anti-gliadin antibodies lack disease specificity being found in 10% of healthy blood donors. We report a study comparing anti-gliadin antibody with other food antibodies in patients with idiopathic ataxia (20), hereditary ataxias (seven), or idio...

The persistence of muscle fiber number regardless of size reduction in muscle atrophy has not yet been fully explained. For the mechanism inherent in skeletal muscle tissues for preventing cellular death, the protective function of muscle tissue through transglutaminases has been tested, since the enzyme is responsible for structural stabilization and participates in signal transduction. In the...

Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is the most widely distributed and most abundantly expressed member of the transglutaminase family of enzymes, a group of intracellular and extracellular proteins that catalyze the Ca²⁺-dependent posttranslational modification of proteins. It is a unique member of the transglutaminase family owing to its specialized biochemical, structural and functional elements, ubiqu...

Transglutaminase in the rat lung is tightly associated with the insoluble matrix which is not extractable with detergent, 0.5 M NaCl, and 40% glycerol solutions. The insoluble matrix was found to be rich in heparin sulfate and poor in collagen, elastin, and DNA. The lung transglutaminase was found to be distinct from tissue transglutaminase (identifiable with the well-characterized guinea pig l...