titanium salts are widely used in pharmacy and industry as intensely white permanent pigment with good covering power in paints , paper , toothpaste , plastics and food dye s. this ion is a redox-active transition metal and may cause oxidative damages to lipids, proteins and dna molecules. in spite of abundant literature, questions about the side effects of titanium ions still remain to be answ...

introduction: supplementary health care services are provided to offer health care services beyond existing medical services at a reasonable cost to all members. these supplementary health care services contribute to the health and quality of life of the members and therefore membership provides peace of mind and a sense of security. this study aimed at investigating supplementary health care s...

STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective series. PURPOSE We wanted to analyze the safety and effectiveness of using the newer generation metallic implants (pedicle screws and/or titanium mesh) for the treatment of tuberculous spondylitis. OVERVIEW OF THE LITERATURE: There have been various efforts to prevent the development of a kyphotic deformity after the treatment of tuberculous spondylitis, i...