We present the concept of nocuous ambiguity, which occurs when text is interpreted differently by different readers. In contrast, text exhibits innocuous ambiguity if different readers interpret it in the same way, even though structural or semantic analyses suggest that multiple interpretations may be possible. We collect multiple human judgements of a set of English phrases obtained from requ...

We analyze a market populated by expected utility maximizers and smooth ambiguity-averse consumers. We study conditions under which ambiguity-averse consumers survive and affect prices in the limit. If ambiguity vanishes with time or if the economy exhibits no aggregate risk, ambiguity-averse consumers survive, but have no long-run impact on prices. In both scenarios, ambiguity-averse consumers...

 Ambiguity in the inputs of the models is typical especially in portfolio selection problem where the true distribution of random variables is usually unknown. Here we use robust optimization approach to address the ambiguity in conditional-value-at-risk minimization model. We obtain explicit models of the robust conditional-value-at-risk minimization for polyhedral and correlated polyhedral am...

nowadays universities are keen to play a more effective role in the development of their societies. entrepreneurial education for enhancing entrepreneurial mentality in students is one of the new functions of universities and educational centers in meeting society's needs. so, an identification of entrepreneurial characteristics of students can help fostering goals of universities for plan...

In a departure from the organizational development literature, this study hypothesized that managerial responses to organizational change are influenced by 7 dispositional traits (locus of control, generalized self-efficacy, self-esteem, positive affectivity, openness to experience, tolerance for ambiguity, and risk aversion). Data were collected from 6 organizations (N = 514) to test the hypot...

In this paper, we discuss a case study performed for validating a Natural Language (NL) based software requirements specification (SRS) in terms of completeness, consistency, and fault-tolerance. A partial verification of the Guidance and Control Software (GCS) Specification is provided as a result of analysis using three modeling formalisms. Zed was applied first to detect and remove ambiguity...