Glykys, Joseph and Istvan Mody. Hippocampal network hyperactivity following selective reduction of tonic inhibition in GABAA receptor 5 subunit–deficient mice. J Neurophysiol 95: 2796–2807, 2006. First published February 1, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.01122.2005. Functionally, -aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAR)–mediated inhibition can be classified as phasic (synaptic) and tonic (extrasynaptic). The ...

Extracellular microelectrode recordings from 148 single cells in the pretectum of the hooded rat were classified according to their temporal response properties to light stimulation of their retinal receptive fields. Fifty-six cells were classified as tonic-on cells, 22 cells were classified as tonic-off cells, and 53 cells were classified as phasic cells. Seventeen cells could not be assigned ...

Tonic inhibitory conductances mediated by GABAA receptors have now been identified and characterized in many different brain regions. Most experimental studies of tonic GABAergic inhibition have been carried out using acute brain slice preparations but tonic currents have been recorded under a variety of different conditions. This diversity of recording conditions is likely to impact upon many ...

The tonic activation of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors by extracellular GABA provides a powerful means of regulating neuronal excitability. A consistent finding from studies that have used various models of temporal lobe epilepsy is that tonic GABAA receptor-mediated conductances are largely preserved in epileptic brain (in contrast to synaptic inhibition which is often reduced). Tonic inhibitio...

In this study three different prominence and speech melody related effects on voice quality were studied using an inverse filtering based method. The hypothesis that prominence as a function of sentence and word stress is signaled with more pressed voice quality was tested. The results indicated discrepancies in the parameterization results, and the original hypothesis could not be confirmed. I...

In this report we summarize the approach of examining structural relations between prosody and discourse semantics by means of experimental phonetics.1 We sketch the computational basis of the project, its methodological setting, and we present the results of three experiments on: • the role of local prominence in disambiguation of focal adverbs • the role of relative prominence in anaphora res...

Streefkerk [6] defines prominence as the perceptually outstanding parts in spoken language. An optimal rating scale for syllable prominence has not been found yet. This paper evaluates a 4point, an 11-point, a 31-point, and a continuous scale for the rating of syllable prominence and gives support for scales using a higher number of levels. Priming effects found by Arnold, et al. [1], could onl...

UNLABELLED Tonic inhibition was imaged in cerebellar granule cells of transgenic mice expressing the optogenetic chloride indicator, Clomeleon. Blockade of GABAA receptors substantially reduced chloride concentration in granule cells due to block of tonic inhibition. This indicates that tonic inhibition is a significant contributor to the resting chloride concentration of these cells. Tonic inh...

Tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition is typically generated by delta subunit-containing extrasynaptic receptors. Because the delta subunit is highly expressed in the thalamus, we tested whether thalamocortical (TC) neurons of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and ventrobasal complex exhibit tonic inhibition. Focal application of gabazine (GBZ) (50 microM) revealed the presence of...