IMPORTANCE Because tonsillar enlargement can have substantial ill health effects in children, reliable monitoring and documentation of tonsil size is necessary in clinical settings. Tonsil grading scales potentially allow clinicians to precisely record and communicate changes in tonsil size, but their reliability in a clinical setting has not been studied. OBJECTIVE To assess the interobserve...

background & aim: lumbar spinal stenosis (lss) is a common condition. this congenital or acquired stenosis has multiple etiologies. the goal of this study was to describe intraoperative pathoanatomic findings of lumbar spinal stenosis observed within a black african population. methods & materials/patients: it was a retrospective and descriptive study performed at departmental teaching hospital...

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of minimally invasive tonsil surgery for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in children. Tonsil ablation or turbinate reduction was performed on 49 pediatric patients with OSAHS by minimally invasive tonsil surgery. In order to evaluate the efficacy of surgery, a comparison was conducted between pre-operation and post-...

Tonsils function as a defense system and aid in keeping your body free of infections. About 5% to 40% cases tonsillitis are caused by bacterial infection, which is the most frequent cause condition. There several different forms tonsillitis, including viral brought on bacteria like streptococcal pharyngitis. Tonsil redness swelling its symptoms. that covered white or yellow patches have sore th...

Histological studies were conducted on the tonsil of soft palate in six month-old male crossbred goats. The tonsil was located on the nasopharyngeal side of the soft palate. The tonsillar surface epithelium presented small folds and was lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium in the rostral half and stratified squamous epithelium in the caudal part. The epithelium mounting over t...

As part of our recent studies on the effects of high fluorine (F) on the cecal tonsil of newly hatched chickens, the same broilers with 400, 800, and 1200 mg F/kg in their diet were used to investigate the changes in the cecal tonsil content of the cytokine proteins interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) by enzyme-linked im...

CONTEXT Adenotonsillar tissue hypertrophy and obstructive sleep apnea have been reported during short-term GH treatment in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). OBJECTIVE We conducted an observational study to evaluate the effects of long-term GH therapy on sleep-disordered breathing and adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children with PWS. DESIGN This was a longitudinal observational study...

OBJECTIVE Tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy may cause recurrent tonsillitis and upper airway obstruction in children. A reduced dietary intake and failure to gain weight is frequently reported by parents of children with a history of recurrent acute tonsillitis and adenotonsiller hypertrophy. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate whether surgical treatment of adenotonsillar hypertr...