In this paper, a diversity generating mechanism is proposed for an Evolutionary Programming (EP) algorithm that determines the basic structure of Multilayer Perceptron classifiers and simultaneously estimates the coefficients of the models. We apply a modified version of a saw-tooth diversity enhancement mechanism recently presented for Genetic Algorithms, which uses a variable population size ...

This paper presents the development of a novel application using motion analysis techniques to measure tooth movement in 3D. Measuring the relative displacements of teeth under load allows a greater understanding of the mechanical properties of the periodontal ligament (PDL). Two marker clusters were fixed onto the measured tooth and the reference tooth via orthodontic brackets and movements we...

antibiotic resistance of intensive care unit (icu) born aerobic gram-negative bacteria was evaluated during a six months period at a teaching hospital in tehran, and determination of the validity of the results obtained from disc diffusion tests, using discs manufactured in iran. disc susceptibility tests using iranian and standard discs (diffusion discs available in international markets) were...

This project, conducted by the Removable Prosthodontic faculty, compared the mesiodistal widths of the six maxillary anterior teeth with the widths of denture teeth from six different denture tooth manufacturers. Four hundred eighty-eight casts of dental students were measured from the distal aspect of each canine across the facial surfaces of the six anterior teeth with a flexible plastic mill...

Sampling items using probability proportional to a bound on the possible error in the item (PPEB) has a long history in financial auditing, but has only recently been suggested for auditing elections. How large a PPEB sample should be drawn to have confidence 1− α that the election outcome is correct if the sample includes only “small” errors? What is the confidence that the outcome of the elec...

Tooth areas correlate significantly with long bone measurements in a skeletal population of rhesus monkeys from Cayo Santiago. Correlations are relatively large for the troop as a whole, as well as for males and females separately. Femur and humerus length measurements show the higheres correlations with tooth size.

T he orthodontic literature abounds with speculation on the etiology of incisor crowding as a late (postpubertal) growth phenomenon. Lombardil cites most of the prominently considered factors in his survey of the literature: tooth discrepancies, arch size, interference of canines in lateral excursive movements, overbite, overjet, tooth removal, incisor-mandibular plane angle, type of original o...

BACKGROUND The patterning cascade model of tooth morphogenesis accounts for shape development through the interaction of a small number of genes. In the model, gene expression both directs development and is controlled by the shape of developing teeth. Enamel knots (zones of nonproliferating epithelium) mark the future sites of cusps. In order to form, a new enamel knot must escape the inhibito...