Nutrient and energy sensing and signaling mechanisms constitute the most ancient and fundamental regulatory networks to control growth and development in all life forms. The target of rapamycin (TOR) protein kinase is modulated by diverse nutrient, energy, hormone and stress inputs and plays a central role in regulating cell proliferation, growth, metabolism and stress responses from yeasts to ...

Tor is a large and popular overlay network providing both anonymity to its users and a platform for anonymous communication research. New design proposals and attacks on the system are challenging to test in the live network because of deployment issues and the risk of invading users’ privacy, while alternative Tor experimentation techniques are limited in scale, are inaccurate, or create resul...

In The Onion Router (TOR) system, anonymity is provided by router services run by TOR users who volunteer their computational resources. Scalability concerns stem from the TOR design because volunteers lack an incentive to participate. A payment scheme has been previously introduced which aims at providing economic incentives for volunteers in hopes of increasing both reliability of and partici...

TOR (target of rapamycin) signaling coordinates cell growth, metabolism, and cell division through tight control of signaling via two complexes, TORC1 and TORC2. Here, we show that fission yeast TOR kinases and mTOR are phosphorylated on an evolutionarily conserved residue of their ATP-binding domain. The Gad8 kinase (AKT homologue) phosphorylates fission yeast Tor1 at this threonine (T1972) to...

Adversary-resistant communication bootstrapping is a fundamental problem faced by many circumvention (anti-censorship) systems such as Tor. Censoring regimes actively harvest and block published Tor entry points and bridge nodes. More recently, some countries have resorted to reactive (follow-up) probing of the destination hosts of outbound encrypted traffic to identify unpublished Tor nodes. W...

TOR (Target of Rapamycin) is a highly conserved Ser/Thr kinase and a central controller of cell growth. Using the crystal structure of the related lipid kinase PI3KCgamma, we built a model of the catalytic region of TOR, from the FAT domain to near the end of the FATC domain. The model reveals that activating mutations in TOR, identified in yeast in a genetic selection for Rheb-independence, co...

The target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase, a master regulator that is evolutionarily conserved among yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), plants, animals, and humans, integrates nutrient and energy signaling to promote cell proliferation and growth. Recent breakthroughs made possible by integrating chemical, genetic, and genomic analyses have greatly increased our understanding of the molecular functi...

In this paper, we show how multiple-path in the transport layer could be used to increase performance and anonymity of the Tor network. The balance between anonymity and performance when creating circuit is a key to improve the situation regarding the well-known problem of end-to-end traffic correlation attack by relay adversaries. We show that the current Tor path selection algorithm heavily b...

Let $R=\Bbbk[x_1,\dots,x_n]$ be a polynomial ring over field $\Bbbk$ and let $I\subset R$ monomial ideal preserved by the natural action of symmetric group $\mathfrak S_n$ on $R$. We give combinatorial method to determine S_n$-module structure $\mathrm{Tor}_i(I,\Bbbk)$. Our formula shows that $\mathrm{Tor}_i(I,\Bbbk)$ is built from induced representations tensor products Specht modules associat...