BACKGROUND Nigeria ranks fourth among 22 high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries. Although it reached 99% DOTS coverage in 2008, current case detection rate is 40%. Little is known about delays before the start of TB therapy and health-seeking behaviour of TB patients in rural resource-limited settings. We aimed to: 1) assess healthcare-seeking behaviour and delay in treatment of pulmonary TB p...

This paper designed a tapped delay line Time-to-Digital Converter(TDC) based on 0.18μm CMOS, there is total level 128 voltage-controlled delay line.The symmetric delay phase-locked loop is used to increase the stability of delay chain and reduce the system clock’s skew and jitter. The simulation results show that : when the voltage is 1.8V, and the reference clock frequency is 250MHz, the least...

BACKGROUND Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is essential for an effective tuberculosis (TB) control program. However, significant proportion of cases remains undiagnosed and untreated. Delay in diagnosis and treatment increases transmission. Hence, the study assessed the length of delay and associated factors with tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment among adults attending public health fac...

In combinatorial blocks of static CMOS circuits transistor sizing can be applied for delay balancing as to guarantee synchronously arriving signal slopes at the input of logic gates, thereby avoiding glitches. Since the delay of logic gates depends directly on transistor sizes, their variation allows to equalize different path delays without influencing the total delay of the circuit. Unfortuna...

The bounded shortest multicast algorithm (BSMA) is presented for constructing minimum-cost multicast trees with delay constraints. BSMA can handle asymmetric link characteristics and variable delay bounds on destinations, speciied as real values and minimizes the total cost of a multicast routing tree. Instead of the single-pass tree construction approach used in most previous heuristics, the n...

background early treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) is necessary for a successful tuberculosis (tb) control program. objectives the objective of this study was to determine total treatment delay and its associated factors among ptb patients in ahvaz. patients and methods a retrospective study was performed among newly diagnosed ptb cases registered in 2010 at the ahvaz health center. tot...

The distributed estimation problem is solved for continuous-time observer nodes that obtain real-time measurements but communicate with their neighbors over a communication network. To this end, the digital between modeled by time-delay approach where variable sampling intervals, transmission delays, and packet dropouts are taken into account. An LMI design of gains derived using Halanay's ineq...

In this paper, we propose a framework to study the resequencing mechanism in high speed networks. This framework allows us to estimate the packet resequencing delay, the total packet delay, and the resequencing buffer occupancy distributions when data traffic is dispersed on multiple disjoint paths. I n contrast to most of the existing work, the estimation of the end-to-end path delay distribut...