Grasslands account for a large proportion of global terrestrial productivity and play a critical role in carbon and water cycling. Within grasslands, photosynthetic pathway is an important functional trait yielding different rates of productivity along environmental gradients. Recently, C3-C4 sorting along spatial environmental gradients has been reassessed by controlling for confounding traits...

This paper provides new evidence that estimates obtained from aggregated data may not provide reliable estimates of average firm-level parameters, if the composition of producers with different levels of productivity changes over the business cycle. I examine plant-level data and show that, due to the countercyclical reallocation of output among heterogenous plants, productivity measures based ...

In this paper a formal model of the productivity dynamics of manufacturing industries is developed with key features being the absence of optimal decisions and equilibrium coordination, heterogeneity of industries with respect to their innovative ability and cumulativeness of innovations together with the working of spillover effects. From that model the law of motion of the productivity distri...