background calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase iiα (camkiiα) may modulate the function of mu-opioid receptors by phosphorylation and therefore, be involved in development of morphine-induced analgesic tolerance. objectives the current study aimed to examine changes in gene expression of camkiiα in the lumbosacral cord and midbrain during induction of morphine analgesic tolerance. materi...

rna extraction is a prerequisite technique for gene expression studies, analyzing the etiology and disease progression, treatment effects, as well as designing the diagnostic methods. although many rna extraction kits have been commercialized, but these kits are expensive and are not accessible in some countries. many studies have shown that trizol is an applicable material for the rna extracti...

abstract: a pure nucleotide pool is an essential precursor of correct dna replication and prevention of mutagenesis and abnormality in a living cell. inosine triphosphatase (itpase) is a critical enzyme to remove any deaminated rough purine nucleotides such as inosine from nucleotide pool. it has been shown that the rate of substitution mutation in genomic dna increase by abnormal function and ...

Since early detection of pathogens and their virulence factors contribute to intervention and control strategies, we assessed the enteropathogens in diarrhoea disease and investigated the link between toxigenic strains of Escherichia coli from stool and drinking-water sources; and determined the expression of toxin genes by antibiotic-resistant E. coli in Lagos, Nigeria. This was compared with ...

We have cloned a gene from Pseudomonas aeruginosa that stimulates the expression of exotoxin A. A recombinant library of genomic DNA from strain PA103 constructed with a broad-host-range plasmid vector containing chromosomal insert fragments generated by Sau3A was used to transform the hypotoxigenic mutant strain PA103-29. A recombinant plasmid, pFHK6, was isolated from a PA103-29 transformant ...

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) cause severe diarrhoea in humans and neonatal farm animals. Annually, 380,000 human deaths, and multi-million dollar losses in the farming industry, can be attributed to ETEC infections. Illness results from the action of enterotoxins, which disrupt signalling pathways that manage water and electrolyte homeostasis in the mammalian gut. The resulting fluid...

clostridium perfringens is an important cause of bacterial food poisoning worldwide. the disease is caused by c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) encoded by cpe gene. the aim of this research was to identify the different types of c. perfringens and the presence of cpe gene in isolated bacteria from broilers’ meat marketed in retail meat shops of mashhad city in northeastern of iran. after isolati...

Type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems have been identified in a wide range of bacterial genomes. Here, we report the characterization of a new type I TA system present on the chromosome of the major human gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori. We show that the aapA1 gene encodes a 30 amino acid peptide whose artificial expression in H. pylori induces cell death. The synthesis of this toxin is pre...

The modified truncated Bt-cry1Ab gene of Bacillus thuringiensis has been used for the development and selection of over expressing transgenic events in a commercially important variety of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by Agrobacterium-mediated leaf-disc transformation procedure. The integration and inheritance of cry1Ab gene in T0 transgenic plants and their progenies were determined by PCR,...

Abstract The antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) has received significant attention worldwide due to the emergence multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli is a major foodborne pathogen that causes gastroenteritis may be complicated by hemorrhagic colitis or hemolytic uremic syndrome. Therefore, this study aimed evaluate antimicrobial e...