the role of enterotoxigenic e.coli as a causative agent in diarrheal disease was studied among 100 cases of infant and children 0-2 years of age. routine bacteriological methods were used for identification enteropathogenic e.coli, salmonella, shigella and vibrio cholera. the ability of e.coli strains to produce toxin was assayed in animal models (rebbit-ileal loop and suckling mice) and in tis...

Antimicrobial treatment of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections is controversial because antimicrobials may stimulate toxin (Stx) production, and thereby increase the risk developing haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Previous in vitro studies have shown this mainly caused by STEC serotype O157:H7. The aim study was to investigate induction Stx transcription production differ...

Microcystin is a toxin secreted by cyanobacteria, which are the dominant phytoplankton in eutrophic freshwater bodies. The present study reports histopathological, hematological and biochemical changes in the freshwater fish, Heteropneustes fossilis due to toxicity of microcystin. Toxic effects were observed in liver, kidney, corpuscles of Stannius, gills and gonads. Bilirubin concentration inc...

A large nation-wide survey of cyanotoxins (1161 lakes) in the United States (U.S.) was conducted during the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007. Cyanotoxin data were compared with cyanobacteria abundance- and chlorophyll-based World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds and mouse toxicity data to evaluate potential recreational risks. Cylindrospermopsins, microcystins, and saxitoxins were detecte...

This study investigates the occurrence of diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) and their producing phytoplankton species in southern Brazil, as well as the potential for toxin accumulation in co-occurring mussels (Perna perna) and octopuses (Octopus vulgaris). During the spring in 2012 and 2013, cells of Dinophysis acuminata complex were always present, sometimes at relatively high abundances (ma...

Abstract Aspergillus strains were isolated from Hungarian mills in order to get information on the appearance of sterigmatocystin (ST) producing moulds, whose presence has never been demonstrated Hungary. Fungal isolates classified into nine morphotypes, sections Nigri , Nidulantes Versicolores (two morphotypes), Circumdati Flavi Clavati and Terrei by classical mycological assays. ST could be s...

A widespread belief is that typical hemolytic and uremic syndrome (HUS) does not recur. We report the case of a patient infected twice with raw milk taken from his own cow and containing a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O174:H21 that induced recurrent HUS causing severe renal and cerebral disorders. A genomic comparison of the human and bovine Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O174...

Shigella toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is well known for its complications such as haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), but neurological symptoms have also been reported. While most cases of infection with STEC occur with concurrent HUS, we describe a patient with severe neurological symptoms in the absence of HUS. LEARNING POINTS • Shigella toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are b...

With the aim of investigating whether yessotoxin (YTX) is responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) events in Croatian waters, three different methods were combined: a modified mouse bioassay (MBA) that discriminates YTX from other DSP toxins, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Among 453 samples of mussels and ...

Although bacterioplankton and phytoplankton are generally perceived as closely linked in marine systems, specific interactions between discrete bacterioplankton and phytoplankton populations are largely unknown. However, measurements of bacterioplankton distributions during phytoplankton blooms may indicate specific microbial lineages that are responding to phytoplankton populations, and potent...