current practices in railway track analysis and design are reviewed and discussed in this paper. the mechanical behavior of railway track structure comprising of various components has not been fully understood due to the railway track structural complexity. although there have been some improvements in the accuracy of current track design methods in recent decades, there are still considerable...

In this paper, a process for the microfabrication of a wafer-scale palladium—silver alloy membrane (Pd–Ag) is presented. Pd–Ag alloy films containing 23 wt% Ag were prepared by co-sputtering from pure Pd and Ag targets. The films were deposited on the unetched side of a 110 -oriented silicon wafer in which deep grooves were etched in a concentrated KOH solution, leaving silicon membranes with a...

An innovative process for the microfabrication of Pd-based membranes (Pd and Pd-Ag) on a <110> silicon wafer is presented. Pd-Ag alloy films containing 23wt% Ag are prepared by a dual-sputtering from pure Pd and Ag targets. In the first step, deep grooves are KOH etched in one side of a <110> oriented silicon wafer, leaving membranes with a thickness of ca. 50 μm. After Pd alloy deposition on t...

Three-dimensional analytical determinations of track parameters are extended to cases where the tracks are in the rounded and spherical phases of development. The equation for the track wall in three dimensions and the equation of contour line of the opening were derived for all types of tracks. The expression for the surface area of the track opening has also been found. The equations come up ...

Intact cells of "Oocystis marssonii" were thin sectioned and freeze-etched, using conventional and double-recovery techniques. Thylakoids extend the length of the single chloroplast and occur in stacks of three to five. The peripheral thylakoids in a stack often alternate between adjacent stacks. Interpretation of double-recovery results suggests that membranes in unstacked regions are asymmetr...

Large inconsistencies in previous microchannel pressure drop data have motivated the development of a microchannel experimental platform that enables the measurement of pressures inside the microchannel. The system utilizes bulk etched silicon components that integrate pressuresensing membranes with the microchannel test section. The deflection of the membranes is detected by an off-chip, optic...

MEMS micropumps, based on PZT membranes have been designed and fabricated at the Microtechnology Laboratory of the University of Minnesota for use in fluid flow control, and as chemical and pressure sensors. Design, fabrication and numerical analyses of the PZT cantilever beams were presented at the MSM99, and are now extended to new MEMS devices; specifically reactive ion etched (RIE) bulk mic...

A computer program called TRACK_VISION for determining the optical appearances of tracks in nuclear track materials resulted from lightion irradiation and subsequent chemical etching was described. A previously published software, TRACK_TEST, was the starting point for the present software TRACK_VISION, which contained TRACK_TEST as its subset. The programming steps were outlined. Descriptions ...

Nanopores are currently considered as promising candidates for a variety of applications, including separation techniques and biological sensing [1,2]. The pore surface properties are crucial for all these applications, since they influence the transport properties (e.g. hydrophobicity, selectivity) and chemical groups on the inner pore walls may serve as binding sites for analytes [3]. Therefo...

An etched track detector has been developed for use in screening or indicative measurements of radon in homes over an exposure period of 14 days. If the annual mean radon concentration estimated from screening detector results is within a factor of two of the UK radon Action Level (200 Bq m(-3)), the householder is told that the result is uncertain, and advice on whether the home is above or be...