In this investigation, eight Air Force air traffic controllers (ATCs) performed three scenarios on TRACON (Terminal Radar Approach Control), a computer-based air traffic control (ATC) simulation. Two scenarios were used each with three levels of difficulty. One scenario varied traffic volume by manipulating the number of aircraft to be handled and the second scenario varied traffic complexity b...

We present a macroscopic model of mixed multilane freeway traffic that can be easily calibrated to empirical traffic data, as is shown for Dutch highway data. The model is derived from a gas-kinetic level of description, including effects of vehicular space requirements and velocity correlations between successive vehicles. We also give a derivation of the lane-changing rates. The resulting dyn...

Over the past several years, numerous essays have examined the deterrent effects of aggressive police patrol strategies like traffic law enforcement (Jacob and Rich, 1981; Sampson and Cohen, 1988; Wilson and Boland, 1978, 1981). This essay continues this line of research. It reports on the results of a field experiment in Dayton, Ohio, designed to measure the effects of traffic law enforcement ...

Traffic routing is a well established optimization problem in traffic management. We address here dynamic routing problems where the load of roads is taken into account dynamically, aiming at the optimization of required travel times. We investigate ant-based algorithms that can handle dynamic routing problems, but suffer from negative emergent effects like road congestions. We propose an inver...

A large literature base has found that economic factors have important effects on traffic crashes. A small but growing branch of literature also examines the role of gasoline prices in the occurrence of traffic crashes. However, no studies have investigated the possible difference of these effects between urban and rural areas. In this study, we used the monthly traffic crash data from 1998 to ...

Railway traffic causes both noise and vibrations in surrounding areas. To enable effective planning of reduction measures that may reduce adverse health effects, it is important to gain a better knowledge about the coupling of these effects to noise and vibration exposures from train and road traffic. These exposures may in fact increase in the future, due to increasing traffic intensity with b...

There is evidence of adverse health impacts from human exposure to traffic-related ultrafine particulate matter pollution. As more commuters are spending a significant portion of their daily routine inside vehicles, it is increasingly relevant to study exposure levels to harmful pollutants inside the vehicle microenvironment. This study is one of the first research efforts to combine detailed f...

Traffic is one of the urban phenomena that have been attracting substantial interest in different scientific and industrial communities since many decades. Indeed, traffic congestions can have severe negative effects on people's safety, daily activities and quality of life, resulting into economical, environmental and health burden for both governments and organizations. Traffic monitoring has ...

OBJECTIVES This research was a preliminary effort to determine whether various driving situations seemed to require different driving skills and abilities and to identify the relative demands of specific physical, perceptual, cognitive, behavioral, and operational skills and abilities in different driving situations. METHOD Experienced driver evaluators and trainers estimated the magnitude of...

skidding operations can cause considerable and wide spread soil disturbance. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ground skidding operations on soil compaction, moisture content, and total porosity at different levels of slope and traffic frequency. four levels of traffic intensity (3, 8, 13, and >13 passes of a crawler tractor onezhets ? 110) and three levels of slope ( 2...