The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the flow rate, spray pattern, and droplet spectra characteristics of an actively controlled variable-orifice nozzle at constant carrier pressures. A commercially available variable-orifice nozzle (VariTarget) was modified to allow for direct electromechanical control of the metering stem. The modified system was tested at five carrier pressu...

This paper formulates the ramp metering control problem as a real-time feedback control problem. The development is shown by modeling freeway sections, and hence the results are immediately applicable to isolated ramp metering problems. The ideas presented in this paper can be utilized to develop coordinated ramp metering feedback control techniques. Three different forms of the formulation for...

Traditional utility metering is to be replaced by smart metering. Smart metering enables very fine grained utility consumption measurements. These fine grained measurements raise privacy concerns due to the lifestyle information which can be inferred from the precise time at which utilities were consumed. This paper outlines two privacy respecting time of use billing protocols for smart meterin...

Pre-congestion notification (PCN) uses packet metering and marking to notify network boundaries when the current traffic load on some links of a PCN domain exceeds their configured admissible or supportable rates. This feedback is used for PCN-based admission control and flow termination within single PCN domains (edge-to-edge PCN). While admission control is rather well understood, flow termin...

Naor and Pinkas introduced metering schemes at Eurocrypt '98 in order to decide on advertisement fees for web servers. In the schemes, any server should be able to construct a proof to be sent to an audit agency if and only if it has been visited by at least a certain number, say k, of clients. This paper rst shows an attack for their schemes such that only two malicious clients can prevent a s...

As a result of recent changes in the policy governing internet content distribution, such as the institution of per listener royalties for internet radio broadcasters, Content Distributors (CDs) now have an incentive to underreport the size of their audience. Existing metering protocols protect only against the inflation of audience size. We introduce the first protocols for audience metering t...

In this paper, we present a model predictive controller to reduce road traffic congestion in freeway networks. The model predictive controller regulates traffic in the freeway through the use of ramp metering and variable speed limits. The controller uses a Link-Node Cell transmission model (LN-CTM) to represent freeway dynamics. We modify the standard LN-CTM to account for the capacity drop ph...

Calibration process in micro-simulation is an extremely complicated phenomenon. The difficulties are more prevalent if the process encompasses fitting aggregate and disaggregate parameters e.g. travel time and headway. The current practice in calibration is more at aggregate level, for example travel time comparison. Such practices are popular to assess network performance. Though these applica...

One of the main characteristics of on demand computing in general and of utility computing services in particular is the “pay-as-you-go” model. To implement this model, one needs a flexible way to meter the services and resources being used. The UMI (Universal Management Infrastructure) architecture, designed to provide common functions that are needed by most, if not all, of the utilities in a...

A metering scheme is a method by which an audit agency is able to measure the interaction between servers and clients during a certain number of time frames. Naor and Pinkas 7] considered schemes in which any server is able to construct a cryptographically secure proof if and only if it has been visited by at least a number, say h, of clients in a given time frame. In this paper we construct me...