The bis-retinoid pigments that accumulate in retinal pigment epithelial cells as lipofuscin are associated with inherited and age-related retinal disease. In addition to A2E and related cis isomers, we previously showed that condensation of two molecules of all-trans-retinal leads to the formation of a protonated Schiff base conjugate, all-trans-retinal dimer-phosphatidylethanolamine. Here we r...

Sialidases (3.2.1.18) may exhibit trans-sialidase activity to catalyze sialylation of lactose if the active site topology is congruent with that of the Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase (EC 2.4.1.-). The present work was undertaken to test the hypothesis that a particular aromatic sandwich structure of two amino acids proximal to the active site of the T. cruzi trans-sialidase infers trans-sial...

Benz[a]anthracene and the five metabolically possible trans-dihydrodiols of benz[a]anthracene were tested for carcinogenicity in newborn Swiss-Webster mice. Four hundred, 800, and 1600 nmoles hydrocarbon i.p. were sequentially injected on Days 1, 8, and 15 of life. The mice were killed at 22 weeks of age. Of the mice treated with trans-3,4-dihydroxy-3, 4-dihydrobenz[a]anthracene, 24% developed ...

Genetic data suggest that IL-6 trans-signaling may have a pathogenic role in the lung; however, the effects of IL-6 trans-signaling on lung effector cells have not been investigated. In this study, human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells were treated with IL-6 (classical) or IL-6+sIL6R (trans-signaling) for 24 h and gene expression was measured by RNAseq. Intracellular signaling and transcripti...

We have studied the pharmokinetics of cis-trans, trans-trans and cis-cis mivacurium in 10 healthy subjects and 11 patients with mild or moderate hepatic cirrhosis, during nitrous oxide-oxygen-isoflurane anaesthesia. Mivacurium 15 micrograms kg-1 min-1 was infused for 10 min (total dose 0.15 mg kg-1) and the plasma concentration of the three isomers measured at regular intervals for 190 min. The...

In retinal rods, light-induced isomerization of 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal within rhodopsin triggers an enzyme cascade that lowers the concentration of cGMP. Consequently, cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channels close, generating the first electrical response to light. After isomerization, all-trans-retinal dissociates from rhodopsin. We now show that all-trans-retinal directly and ...

Cyclohexanetetrols belong to the family of cyclitols, a class natural products known for their diverse bioactivity. Their synthesis has been reported using hydrogen peroxide as green oxidant and water or tert-butanol solvent. Due high polarity those compounds, approach isolation from aqueous solutions can be challenging. Here, we report stereoselective (±)-trans,trans-cyclohexane-1,2,4,5-tetrao...