The present paper investigates the embedding problem for time-homogeneous Markov chains. A discretetime Markov chain with time unit 1 is embeddable in case there exists a compatible Markov chain regarding time unit 1 m (with m ∈ N,m ≥ 2). An embeddable Markov chain has a transition matrix for which there exists an m-th root that is a probability matrix. The present paper examines the embedding ...

Energies, transition probabilities, and lifetimes are calculated for 3d states in Ca-like ions with nuclear charges Z ranging from 22 to 100. Relativistic many-body perturbation theory ~MBPT!, including the Breit interaction, is used to evaluate retarded M1 and E2 matrix elements. The calculations start from a 1s2s2p3s3p Dirac-Fock potential. First-order perturbation theory is used to obtain in...

the present paper deals with development of a simulation model for the performance evaluation of feed water system of a thermal power plant using markov birth-death process and probabilistic approach. in present paper, the feed water system consists of four subsystems. after drawing transition diagram for feed water system, differential equations are developed and then solved recursively using ...