Type classes [19, 7] are, according to some authors, ‘the most beloved feature of Haskell’. They provide a clean, modular and elegant way of writing overloaded functions. Type classes are usually implemented using dictionaries—data structures containing functions and other dictionaries—which are passed as extra arguments to the overloaded functions. Thus, programs using type classes are transla...

Establishing in Baghdad, a recently founded capital of Abbasid caliphs, of é Òom Ì P@ X Dāru l-H. ikmat (Abode of Wisdom) by caliph Ma’mūn who ruled during 813-833, was destined to play a pivotal role in the development of Mathematics in the lands conquered by muslim armies. Abode of Wisdomwas a sort of translation academy patronized by the caliph and wealthy families from his entourage. Works ...

he Journal of Postgraduate Medicine (JPGM) celebrated 50 years of its existence by organizing JPGM GoldCon, an international conference on medical writing, editing and pub lishing at the Seth GS Medical College from 23-26 September 2004. JPGM was the first indexed journal published by any medical college in India. Fittingly this first international conference in India was devoted to medical wri...

A book of 140 pages on Nasal Polypus would seem to be the ne plus ultra of specialised medical writing. But this book treats of nasal polypus with neuralgia, hay-fever, and asthma in relation to ethmoiditis, and, as far as we can see, with pretty nearly every ill the flesh is heir to. As the author says in reference to nasal polypus, "it would appear difficult to limit the extent or variety of ...

Mirror writing is a striking behaviour that is common in children and can reemerge in adults following brain damage. Skilled deliberate mirror writing has also been reported, but only anecdotally. We provide the first quantitative study of skilled deliberate mirror writing. K.B. can write forward or backward, vertically upright or inverted, with the hands acting alone or simultaneously. K.B. is...

Acknowledgements The research for this paper was supported by the DYNACOM project financed through the TSER Programme of the DG12 of the European Commission (Contract No. SOE1-CT1078). I am especially indebted to Clive Lawson who first suggested that I write a paper addressing the relevance of J.R. Commons' institutional economics to contemporary debates on organisational learning. I draw subst...

In this paper, the role of computers in writing process was investigated. Last 25 years of journals were searched to find related articles. Articles and books were classified under prewriting, composing, and revising and editing headings. The review results showed that computers can make writers’ job easy in the writing process. In addition, literature results revealed that teachers, peers, ins...

Polysystem Theory was developed in 1970s by Israeli scholar Itamar Even-Zohar borrowing ideas from the Russian Formalist of 1920s(Munday, 2001: 109). Although building on work Formalist, reacts against ‘the fallacies traditional aesthetic approach’(Even-Zohar 2002: 4), which had focus ‘high’ literature and disregarded as unimportant literary systems or genres such children’s literature, thrille...