Electrical contacts on the top surface of solar cells and light emitting diodes cause shadow losses. The phenomenon of extraordinary optical transmission through arrays of subwavelength holes suggests the possibility of engineering such contacts to reduce the shadow using plasmonics, but resonance effects occur only at specific wavelengths. Here we describe instead a broadband effect of enhance...

This paper proposes a new analytical method for transmission power loss allocation for pool-based markets in restructured power systems. It is based on circuit laws and the concept of orthogonal projection. In this method, the current flow in each branch is divided into two components by using the superposition principle. The first one is due to the power transfer from generators to distributio...

Watermarking is highly demanding in recent times for the protection of multimedia data in network environment from illegal use of data and from the transmission losses due to the fading. To this aim, this dissertation proposes a protection mechanism for discrete transform based compressed image through error concealment (EC) without affecting the compatibility of standard JPEG coding. In this p...

This paper presents two novel dual-mode dual-band bandpass filters (BPFs) by using stubs loaded coupled line. The analytical equations of their transmission poles and transmission zeros are given by the classical even-/odd-mode method. Design rules for two dual-band BPFs are also given, which show the easily tuned passband frequency locations and in-band performance. As examples, two dualmode d...

A genetic algorithm is used to solve an economic dispatch problem. The chromosome contains only the encoding of a normalized incremental cost system. Therefore, the total number of bits of a chromosome is entirely independent of the number of units. In the first case, the transmission line losses are calculated using the Newton-Raphson method and kept constant. In the second case, the transmiss...

This paper addresses issues related to reactive power, voltage support and transmission losses as dictated from a certain class of electric loads. Specifically, it addresses the impact of predominantly induction motor loads on voltage support, reactive power requirements, and transmission losses. These issues are examined with a model, which explicitly models the induction motor mechanical load...

This paper presents an attempt to explore the applicability of harmony search algorithm (HSA) to solve extremely challenging non-convex economic load dispatch (ELD) problem with transmission losses involving variations of consumer load patterns. The efficiency of the proposed approach HSA has been tested successfully on the standard 6-bus system, IEEE-14 bus system, and the IEEE-30 bus system w...

The paper is devoted to optimization of reserves and reliability level. The four approaches presented will need deeper scientific research. 1. The sum of reserves’ costs and losses of consumers is minimized to the determination of optimal reserves. 2. Two-stage approach: 2.1. The sum of reserves’ costs and consumers’ losses is minimized to the determination of optimal requirements for reliabili...