A 40-year-old man presented with left-side nasal obstruction for the past nine months. He had been treated for allergic rhinitis with nasal steroids for a long time. An anterior rhinoscopic examination was normal. Endoscopic examination revealed a nodulary mass in the nasopharynx, partially obstructing the left choana (Figure 1A). An endoscopic examination of the right nasopharynx revealed regu...

Introduction: Isolated sphenoid sinus inflammatory diseases (ISSIDs) are responsible for about 75% of isolated sphenoid sinus opacifications. Computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be used in a complementary manner for the assessment of ISSIDs. This evaluation sheds some light on the extent of disease and intracranial and intra-orbital involvement. ...

BACKGROUND This study evaluates the efficacy of unsedated transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in the diagnosis of hypopharyngeal cancer and screening of esophageal lesions. METHODS Twenty-seven patients with newly diagnosed hypopharyngeal cancer were evaluated by transnasal EGD without conscious sedation. RESULTS Twenty-two hypopharyngeal cancers arose from the pyriform sinus, and t...

The indications for endonasal endoscopic approaches to diseases of the skull base and its adjacent structures have expanded considerably during the last decades. This is not only due to improved technical possibilities such as intraoperative navigation, the development of specialized instruments, and the compilation of anatomical studies from the endoscopic perspective but also related to the a...

Many operations have been devised and are performed for the surgical treatment of severe chronic inflammatory disease and polYPosis of the ethmoid . Although internal transnasal ethmoidectomy was discredited for many years because of possibly severe complications, it is now regaining in popularity and is preferred over external transmaxillary and transfacial procedures [1-3) . This is the resul...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) frequently causes various infections, some of which are serious and require prompt medical detection and appropriate antibiotic selection. Although P. aeruginosa commonly exists within the nasal cavity, meningitis or ventriculitis following transsphenoidal surgery to relieve P. aeruginosa has been reported only occasionally. However, as the endoscopic tran...

This paper discusses a new class of robots known as concentric tube robots and their application to transnasal skull base surgery. The endonasal approach has clear benefits for patients, but the surgery presents challenges that strongly motivate the use of robotic tools. In this paper, the concentric tube robot concept is described, and preliminary experimental results for transnasal skull base...

BACKGROUND Endoscopic techniques have gained popularity for the repair of anterior skull base defects. OBJECTIVE To describe the 10 year experience with endoscopic surgical repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea in a tertiary medical center. METHODS The files of all patients who underwent endoscopic transnasal CSF leak repair in our institution between 1996 and 2006 were reviewed. ...

This paper is the first discussion on the registration of intraoperative MRI and endoscope using Polaris and MRI-compatible endoscope manipulator. An endoscope has been popular in minimally invasive surgery due to its less-invasive, realtime, and fine observations in body cavity. However, because its view is so limited, it's difficult to know the surrounding structures. Intraoperative MRI has b...