Open partial or total laryngectomies with or without radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) are the only mainstays in the treatment of laryngeal carcinomas. However, minimally invasive procedures such as transoral endoscopic carbondioxide laser microsurgery (TLM) or transoral robotic surgeries (TRS) are now being increasingly used in selected patients. The laryngeal framework is not distu...

The stabilization of a single color tone reproduction curve (TRC) is critical for high delity color printing. A TRC controller uses a small number of actua-tors and a small number of measurements to stabilize the potentially high dimensional TRC. The overall least squares deviation of the TRC from the ideal nominal TRC is minimized in the face of the many disturbances and uncertainty in the sys...

Microorganisms use multiple two-component sensory systems to detect changes in their environment and elicit physiological responses. Despite their wide spread and importance, the intracellular organization of two-component sensory proteins in bacteria remains little investigated. A notable exception is the well-studied clustering of the chemoreceptor-kinase complexes that mediate chemotaxis beh...

Thomson Reuters reports journal impact factor (JIF) 2012 thr­ ough its web database, Journal Citation Reports (JCR) (http:// apps.webofknowledge.com) for journals indexed in the Science Citation Index (SCI/SCIE). Many top journals are reported to continue their high JIF and most of others keep similar or in­ creased ones as JIF 2011. The JCR updates JIF every year and the JIF 2012 will be used ...

BACKGROUND Transoral robotic-assisted surgery (TORS) carries a small, but not insignificant, risk of life-threatening postsurgical hemorrhage. The purpose of this study was to analyze all post-TORS hemorrhagic events at our institution to establish preventative recommendations. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of 224 consecutive patients who underwent TORS for any indication at a s...

OBJECTIVE Integration of robotic surgical technology into skull base surgery is limited due to minimum angle requirements between robotic tools (narrow funnel effect), steep angle of approach, and instrumentation size. The objectives of this study were to systematically analyze surgical approach portals using a computer model, determine optimal approaches, and assess feasibility of the derived ...