Genetic algorithms are adaptive systems biologically motivated which have been used to solve different problems. Since Holland's proposals back in 1975, two main genetic operators, crossover and mutation, have been explored with success. Nonetheless, nature presents many other mechanisms of genetic recombination, based on phenomena like gene insertion, duplication or movement. The aim of this p...

The coronary arterial pattern was studied in two patients with superoinferior ventricular heart and haemodynamically complete transposition. In one of them the aorta was dextro-positioned and in the other laevo-positioned. In both the right coronary artery arose from the posterior aortic sinus and the left coronary artery from the left aortic sinus. This pattern is similar to the common coronar...

Prokaryotic transposon 5 (Tn5) serves as a model system for studying the molecular mechanism of DNA transposition. Elucidation of the X-ray co-crystal structure of Tn5 transposase complexed with a DNA recognition end sequence provided the first three-dimensional picture of an intermediate in a transposition/retroviral integration pathway. The many Tn5 transposase-DNA co-crystal structures now a...

Miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are widespread in eukaryotic genomes, where they can attain high copy numbers despite a lack of coding capacity. However, little is known about how they originate and amplify. We performed a genome-wide screen of functional interactions between Stowaway MITEs and potential transposases in the rice genome and identified a transpositionally ...

Maxillary canine premolar transposition is the most frequently reported transposition type, which many orthodontists face. Although correcting the transposed tooth order is not advised after the eruption of the permanent tooth, several articles published in the last decade demonstrated nonextraction treatment of transposition using fixed mechanics. This article describes the nonextraction treat...

Protecting data from malicious attacks during storage and transmission is the reason for using encryption. Encryption can be achieved by two methods – Transposition and Substitution. Transposition refers to changing the order of characters in a given text. On the other hand, substitution is the process of replacing each character of the plaintext with some other character. Using a combination o...

Prenatal diagnosis of D-transposition of the great arteries remains less frequent compared to other major congenital heart defects. In this study, we examined how often the 3-vessel and trachea view was abnormal in a large series of prenatally diagnosed cases of D-transposition of the great arteries. We found that an abnormal 3-vessel and trachea view in the shape of an "I" ("I-sign"), which re...

A series of molecular events will explain how genetic elements can transpose from one DNA site to another, generate a short oligonucleotide duplication at both ends of the new insertion site, and replicate in the transposition process. These events include the formation of recombinant molecules which have been postulated to be intermediates in the transposition process. The model explains how t...

During the last years, the genomes of more and more species have been sequenced, providing data for phylogenetic reconstruction based on genome rearrangement measures, where the most important distance measures are the reversal distance and the transposition distance. The two main tasks in all phylogenetic reconstruction algorithms is to calculate pairwise distances and to solve the median of t...

A series of molecular events will explain how genetic elements can transpose from one DNA site to another, generate a short oligonucleotide duplication at both ends of the new insertion site, and replicate in the transposition process. These events include the formation of recombinant molecules which have been postulated to be intermediates in the transposition process. The model explains how t...