Stress often precedes the onset of mental health disorders and is linked to negative impacts on physical health as well. Prior research indicates that testosterone levels are related to reduced stress reactivity in some cases but correlate with increased stress responses in other cases. To resolve these inconsistencies, we tested the causal influence of testosterone on stress reactivity to a so...

BACKGROUND Child soldiers are often both victims and perpetrators of horrendous acts of violence. Research with former child soldiers has consistently shown that exposure to violence is linked to trauma-related disorders and that living in a violent environment is correlated with enhanced levels of aggression. OBJECTIVE To gain more insight into the experiences and the mental health status of...

population pattern in guilan province represents a dramatic increase in youth population. regarding high prevalence of substance use among them, its destructive effects and consequences and paucity of previous related studies, this research was performed to determine the prevalence of substance use among students of guilan university of medical sciences (gums). we conducted a cross-sectional st...

Exposure to traumatic stress is a requirement for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, because the majority of trauma-exposed persons do not develop PTSD, examination of the typical effects of a stressor will not identify the critical components of PTSD risk or pathogenesis. Rather, PTSD represents a specific phenotype associated with a failure to recover from the n...

BACKGROUND We examined the effects of baseline drug use and dependence on alcohol use outcomes following brief motivational intervention for at-risk drinking (BMI-ETOH). METHODS HLM models were developed to test the interaction of drug use and dependence with BMI-ETOH for alcohol use among Hispanic (n=539), Caucasian (n=667), and black (n=287) patients admitted to a Level-1 trauma center who ...

Intense subjective distress and physiologic reactivity upon exposure to reminders of the traumatic event are each diagnostic features of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, subjective reports and psychophysiological data often suggest different conclusions. For the present study, we combined data from five previous studies to assess the contributions of these two types of measures in...

Background The prevalence of mood, trauma, and stressor-related disorders is disproportionately higher among people living with HIV than individuals without the virus. Poor adherence to treatment heightened psychological distress have been linked symptoms associated these disorders. Objective objective this exploratory pilot study was develop implement an intervention that combined individualiz...

This commentary reviews and reflects on the studies of this special section: studies that collectively provide compelling evidence for meaningful changes in stress- and emotionally reactive psychophysiological systems with the transition from middle childhood into adolescence. The observed changes were complex and often overlaid upon ontogenetic differences in basal levels of activation of thes...

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe, complex, heterogeneous disorder usually precipitated by psychological trauma, typically affecting vulnerable individuals, with many perceptual, cognitive, affective, physiological and psychological features [1,2]. According to the most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) [1], the essential...