BACKGROUND An important medical concern of the Iraq war is the potential long-term effect of mild traumatic brain injury, or concussion, particularly from blast explosions. However, the epidemiology of combat-related mild traumatic brain injury is poorly understood. METHODS We surveyed 2525 U.S. Army infantry soldiers 3 to 4 months after their return from a year-long deployment to Iraq. Valid...

Neuronal apoptosis is mediated by intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways such as the membrane-mediated, mitochondrial, and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. Few studies have examined the endoplasmic reticulum-mediated apoptosis pathway in the penumbra after traumatic brain injury, and it remains unclear whether endoplasmic reticulum stress can activate the caspase-12-dependent apoptoti...

Traumatic brain injury is one of the leading causes morbidity and mortality throughout world. Its increasing incidence, in addition to its fundamental role development neurodegenerative disease, proves especially concerning. Despite extensive preclinical clinical studies, researchers have yet identify a safe effective neuroprotective strategy. Following trauma, secondary from molecular, metabol...

A special interest group of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine [ACRM; Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Committee. (1993). Definition of mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 8 (3), 86-87.] was the first organized interdisciplinary group to advocate four specific criteria for the diagnosis of a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). More recently, the World Hea...

In collaboration with outside experts, the WHO Collaborating Centre for Neurotrauma at the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, has assembled a task force to undertake a best-evidence synthesis of the literature on mild traumatic brain injury. The task force has addressed the epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and economic costs of mild traumatic brain injury in order to make rec...

OBJECTIVE A follow-up of accident rate and driving patterns of patients 6-9 years after brain injury. DESIGN Postal questionnaire sent to patients with brain injury who were assessed consecutively in the period 1997-2000 and who were re-issued. SUBJECTS A total of 93 persons, 69 men and 24 women, mean age 57 years, average 9 years post-injury, 65 persons with brain injury after cerebrovascu...

Traumatic brain injury affects brain connectivity by producing traumatic axonal injury. This disrupts the function of large-scale networks that support cognition. The best way to describe this relationship is unclear, but one elegant approach is to view networks as graphs. Brain regions become nodes in the graph, and white matter tracts the connections. The overall effect of an injury can then ...

BACKGROUND The relationship between facial fractures and traumatic brain injury is controversial. Some studies show an increased risk of brain injury with the presence of facial fractures while others claim that facial fractures protect against brain injury. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between facial fractures and traumatic brain injuries. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Subje...

BACKGROUND The risk of epilepsy shortly after traumatic brain injury is high, but how long this high risk lasts is unknown. We aimed to assess the risk of epilepsy up to 10 years or longer after traumatic brain injury, taking into account sex, age, severity, and family history. METHODS We identified 1 605 216 people born in Denmark (1977-2002) from the Civil Registration System. We obtained i...

Objective: To investigate the relationship between CT features and serum GFAP, NSE and S100B protein in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Methods: 80 patients with traumatic brain injury admitted in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2017 were selected and divided into mild (n=31), medium (n=28) and severe (21) according to their CT scores. The level difference between the thr...