Abstract Background The topical inflammatory soup can model the inflammation of dura mater causing hypersensitivity and activation trigeminal system, a phenomenon present in migraineurs. Calcitonin gene-related peptide, transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor, neuronal nitric oxide synthase are important sensitization process there. 5-HT 1B/1D agonists, triptans used as treatment migr...

Serotonin (5-HT) exerts excitatory effects in many brainstem regions involved in autonomic, somatic, motor, and sensory functions, and in control of vigilance. To determine the potential role of 5-HT2A receptors in these effects, we immunohistochemically mapped the distribution of 5-HT2A receptor-like protein in the rat pontomedullary brainstem. Areas containing the densest labeling included th...

1 RESEARCH ARTICLE 1 2 3 Cannabinoids reveal separate controls for whisking amplitude and 4 timing in rats 5 6 Maciej Dominik Pietr, Per Magne Knutsen, David I. Shore, Ehud Ahissar and Zvi Vogel 7 8 1 Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel, 2 9 Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, 3 10 Department of...

Migraine is one of the commonest neurological disorders. Despite intensive research, its exact pathomechanism is still not fully understood and effective therapy is not always available. One of the key molecules involved in migraine is glutamate, whose receptors are found on the first-, second- and third-order trigeminal neurones and are also present in the migraine generators, including the do...

Rodents subjected to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) are used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the consequences of the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome. Following CIH, rats have an increased density of noradrenergic terminals in the hypoglossal motor nucleus which innervates lingual muscles that protect the upper airway from collapse in OSA patients. Here, we investigated wheth...

The effect of motor cortex stimulation (MCS) therapy for deafferentation pain was evaluated based on c-Fos, a known pain marker. Nineteen mature cats weighing 1.5-3.5 kg were used. Cats were divided into three groups: a deafferentation pain group in which the left trigeminal ganglion was destroyed, an MCS group in which MCS was used following destruction of the trigeminal ganglion, and a contro...

Transneuronal tracing of a nociceptive pathway, the spino-(trigemino)-parabrachio-amygdaloid pathway, was performed using an alpha-herpes virus, the Bartha strain of pseudorabies virus (PRV). Microinjection of PRV into the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) resulted in progressive retrograde and transneuronal infection of a multisynaptic circuit involving neurons in the brainstem and spinal c...