he purpose of the article is to exhibit this fact that embellishments, despite of their lexical meaning, do not play just an ornamental role in iranian classical music, but they have an extremely important function to form the structural facets of dastgahi music; in fact, the embellishments are irremovable elements in the mentioned musical system. first of all, some brief explanations about con...

The objective of the family of models 'Singing to Neigbours' is to explore the mechanisms that may be responsible for the strong correlation between the song types and habitat types observed in populations of South American Rufous-collared Sparrows, Zonotrichia capensis. Formal models of this type could be used to address outstanding objections to Cultural Selection Theory, according to which D...

1. Impetus Inspiration is often the result of an interaction between the outside world and the composer's inner experience. It may be unexpected and ephemeral, but it can also be the result of a gradual growth, one that reveals itself progressively or by twists and turns. The source of inspiration may lie in sensory phenomena (looking at an object, a landscape, a work of art, hearing sound or m...

Using fibreoptic laryngoscopy to observe pharyngeal articulations, the aryepiglottic sphincter mechanism i s shown to be responsible for the production of speech sounds in the phonetic category "pharyngeal." Major differences in auditory/acoustic quality are also produced when the larynx as a whole is raised or lowered during the production of pharyngeals. The voiceless pharyngeal fricative and...

Dark Moon was gone, Low Cloud lamented. Gone forever. The Clan Wise Man had gone back to the place whence the Puma People, like all creatures treading upon the Great Mother's mesa or flying under the Great Father's sky, had come, and whither they would all return. And so never again would be see all the moons that had been and those to be and share this vision. Young Low Cloud bad never known a...

Communication is a main key to survival. Many animals use sound to exchange information, which is important in species recognition, sexual selection and consequently in speciation. The animals best known for their vocal virtuosity are birds, which use acoustic signals extensively to communicate. Bird song supplies an important model in the study of learned vocal communication including human sp...

Sonority is a property of segments that relates to phonotactics and syllable shape but whose nature remains in dispute. Clements (1990) uses this property to define the order that segments may occur in a syllable in what he calls the sonority sequencing principle (SSP), which says that “between any member of a syllable and the syllable peak, only sounds of higher sonority rank are permitted.” H...

Climate-induced changes may be more substantial within the marine environment, where following ecological change is logistically difficult, and typically expensive. As marine animals tend to produce stereotyped, long-range signals, they are ideal for repeatable surveying. In this study we illustrate the potential for calling rates to be used as a tool for determining habitat quality. With a goo...

The review by Blows (Blows, 2007) highlights a perspective with which we whole-heartedly agree: greater biological insight is obtained by focusing on fundamental structures of the two matrices G and c than by analysing the individual entries of those matrices. Here, we advocate extending this point of view further for any ‘function-valued trait’, i.e. a trait that is inherently a mathematical f...

ions provide new tools to enable the richer networking functionalities demanded by recent industry trends including dynamic virtual server workloads, multi-tenant cloud computing, and warehouse-scale data centers. Existing standards and abstractions have proven inadequate for delivering this functionality Bat scale[; for example, 12-bit virtual local area network (VLAN) identifiers [2] allow fo...