INTRODUCTION Acute cerebral edema is a significant cause of death in patients treated for diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a 44-year-old African American woman admitted with acute severe headache and diagnosed with diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. Computed tomography of the head showed diffuse leukoencephalopa...

Tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDLs) are atypical presentations of various demyelinating diseases. They can mimic brain tumors in their clinical and radiological features and usually respond favorably to corticosteroid therapy. We report a case of a 17-year-old girl with a single TDL suddenly increasing in size even under steroid therapy. She underwent very strict follow-up examinations wit...

Tumefactive fibroinflammatory lesion (TFIL) is a rare benign tumor in the head and neck region. We present a case of a 40-year-old female with a benign but progressive lesion of the infratemporal fossa, which was diagnosed as TFIL. Patient responded briefly to a course of steroid treatment but eventually showed progression and was unresponsive to further steroids. She was then treated with exte...

demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (cns) are a group of autoimmune disorders affecting the myelin sheets of cns neurons resulting in different neurological deficits and disability. multiple sclerosis (ms), devic’s disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (adem), and neuromyelitis optica (nmo) are among the most common types of d...

There are well over 500 registered pesticides worldwide for use in agricultural regions and new agrochemicals are introduced to the marketplace continuously. This chapter deals with the chemical analysis methods for the main pesticide chemical classes that are most frequently analyzed with gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). GC amenable pesti...

IgG4 tubulointerstitial nephritis (IgG4-TIN) is the most common form of IgG4 renal disease. When IgG4-TIN is accompanied by other systemic manifestations the disease is known as IgG4-related systemic disease (IgG4-RSD). IgG4-RSD is well recognised in the form of tubulointerstitial nephritis (IgG4-related TIN) and may present with renal failure by mimicking neoplasms (tumefactive lesions) or wit...