We demonstrate that the giant spin contrast observed by scanning tunneling microscopy for double-layer Coislands on Pt(111) is caused by adsorbates at the apex of the Cr-coated W tip. The most likely candidate, in ab initio simulations, is hydrogen. Here, the electron charge is highly polarized by the adjacent Cr layers. The hydrogen adsorption site is shown to change from hollow to on top due ...

Josephson [8] predicted in 1962 that a DC tunnel current would flow between two superconductors connected by a thin insulating layer of thickness less than about 20 Å in the absence of a voltage difference, an effect now called the DC Josephson effect. The quantum-mechanical current, called the superconducting current, arises from the tunneling of Cooper pairs of electrons of opposite spin and ...

Several recent papers have predicted the feasibility of superconducting tunnel junction-based electronic cryocooler devices operating in the temperature range 0.1 4K. We have extended previous work in stacked Nb/AlOx devices to investigate the nonequilibrium effects in them and to examine the influence of barrier conductance and layer thickness on the electronic cooling achievable by this techn...

Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) describes a mechanism to tunnel Point-to-Point (PPP) sessions. The protocol has been designed to be independent of the media it runs over. The base specification describes how it should be implemented to run over the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and the Internet Protocol (IP). This document describes how L2TP is implemented over Frame Relay Permanent Virtual ...

Lin & Pauley [2] studied unsteady boundary-layer separation from an Eppler 387 airfoil at low Reynolds number numerically and compared their results with wind tunnel measurements. They found unsteady large-scale structure might control the lowReynolds-number separation bubble reattachment with smallscale turbulence playing a secondary role [4]. Drela [5], Drela & Giles[6] used a fully coupled n...

We report measurements on single electron memory devices where the memory island, a floating gate, is charged through aluminum oxide tunnel barriers, fabricated through plasma oxidation of aluminum and atomic layer deposition (ALD) of aluminum oxide. These devices are characterized at 300 mK and show a definite threshold for tunneling through the oxide barriers indicating a potential for nonvol...

The tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) in the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) with embedded nanoparticles (NPs) was calculated in range of the quantum-ballistic model. The simulation was performed for electron tunneling through the insulating layer with embedded magnetic and non-magnetic NPs within the approach of the double barrier subsystem connected in parallel to the single barrier one. This mod...

The D8 jet transport configuration is presented. Focus is on the aerodynamic characteristics of its distinguishing features: the wide “double-bubble” fuselage with beneficial pitching moment and carryover lift characteristics, the nearly-unswept wing and reduced cruise Mach number, and the boundary layer ingesting rear engine installation together with the twin “pi-tail” configuration. The meri...

Pure and Si-rich HfO2 layers fabricated by radio frequency sputtering were utilized as alternative tunnel oxide layers for high-k/Si-nanocrystals-SiO2/SiO2 memory structures. The effect of Si incorporation on the properties of Hf-based tunnel layer was investigated. The Si-rich SiO2 active layers were used as charge storage layers, and their properties were studied versus deposition conditions ...

The aerodynamic characteristics of an isolated MRH 90 helicopter fuselage have been investigated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Simulations utilised an unstructured tetrahedral grid and both the k-ε and k-ω SST turbulence models were investigated. Standard ‘law of the wall’ wall functions were incorporated, along with a segregated finite volume solver. A wind tunnel testing program w...