Evaluating the effectiveness of fertilizers on crops without traditional yield is difficult, as clipping collection time-consuming and not indicative desired response to fertilizer. Remote sensing techniques, like normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), have emerged an effective tool combat these issues. Canopy reflectance, measured by NDVI, commonly used differentiate turfgrass nitrogen...

Laboratory experiments revealed that DL-methionine, sodium methionate, potassium methionate, and methionine hydroxyl analog at rates of 224 and 448 kg amino acid/ha reduced the number of Belonolaimus longicaudatus mixed life-stages and Meloidogyne incognita J2 in soil, whereas L-threonine and lysine were not effective in reducing the number of either nematode. Futhermore, greenhouse experiments...

Autonomous (i.e., robotic) mowers have recently garnered interest with the public and within turfgrass industry. However, limited research has been conducted on their use for mowing warm-season turfgrasses. An experiment was at University of Florida’s West Florida Research Education Center (Jay, FL, USA) to investigate performance an autonomous mower using a lower than recommended height-of-cut...

As urbanization in the world increases, irrigated landscapes have become common developing world, particularly temperate and warm regions. Although these provide esthetic value, they can also consume resources such as potable water. In United States, this consumption of water for a discretionary use has come into focus supplies continue to limited. This reality will affect turfgrass future. The...

Sodium (Na) constitutes about2.8percent of the earth's crust, in similar proportion to potassium (K) at 2.6 percent. Both elements are chemically similar and exist in soils as monovalent cations (they have a single positive charge). As such, they are bound to cation exchange sites on soil colloids. However, positive sodium ions (Na) attract a larger shell of hydration water than does positive p...

History In 1876, a country doctor in Germany by the name of Robert Koch developed the first conclusive empirical evidence that a particular microbe causes a particular disease. Although he was working on anthrax, a deadly disease of warm-blooded animals (caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis), the procedures he laid out for determining the pathogenicity of a microorganism (in other words, ...

A lot of salt-affected soils in the world are also affected by compaction and waterlogging due to shallow water tables or decreased infiltration sodicity. Waterlogging cause reduced oxygen exchange (hypoxia). Research on combined impacts salinity hypoxia turfgrass growth is limited. The interactive effects availability nine perennial ryegrass entries (Lolium perenne L.) one alkaligrass [Puccine...