During Drosophila embryogenesis, the dorsal transcription factor activates the expression of twist, a transcription factor required for mesoderm formation. We show here that the mammalian twist proteins, twist-1 and -2, are induced by a cytokine signaling pathway that requires the dorsal-related protein RelA, a member of the NF-kappaB family of transcription factors. Twist-1 and -2 repress cyto...

Twist-three analysis of photon electroproduction off pion. Abstract We study twist-three effects in spin, charge, and azimuthal asymmetries in deeply virtual Compton scattering off a spin-zero target. Power suppressed contributions generate a new azimuthal angle dependence in the cross section, not present in the leading twist approximation. On the other hand the structures induced by the latte...

Overexpression of Twist, a highly conserved basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and predicts poor prognosis in various kinds of cancers, including breast cancer. In order to further clarify Twist's role in breast cancer, we detected Twist expression in breast cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry. Twist expression was observed...

Ascidian larvae develop mesenchyme cells in their trunk. A fibroblast growth factor (FGF9/16/20) is essential and sufficient for induction of the mesenchyme in Ciona savignyi. We have identified two basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) genes named Twist-like1 and Twist-like2 as downstream factors of this FGF. These two genes are phylogenetically closely related to each other, and were expressed specif...

We present a Monte Carlo simulation study of the distribution and propagation of twist from one DNA linker to another for a two-nucleosome array subjected to externally applied twist. A mesoscopic model of the array that incorporates nucleosome geometry along with the bending and twisting mechanics of the linkers is employed and external twist is applied in stepwise increments to mimic quasista...

The present study investigated the role of the Twist gene in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its effects on the invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors. In vitro, we transfected SW480, HCT116 and HT29 cells with recombinant plasmids, pTracer-CMV/BSD-Twist and pGenesil1.2-Twist-shRNA, to influence expression of Twist. The transfection efficacy of the plasmids in the cell lines wa...

A pointed endofunctor (and in particular a reflector) (R, r) in a category X is direct iff for each morphism f : X→ Y the pullback of Rf against rY exists and the unique fill-in morphism u from X to the pullback is such that Ru is an isomorphism. (This is close to the concept of a simple reflector introduced by Cassidy, Hébert and Kelly in 1985.) We give sufficient conditions for directness, an...

The 2-D and 3-D neutronics models for 10 MW nuclear research reactor of MTR type have been developed and presented in this paper. Our results agree very well with the results of seven countries mentioned in the IAEA-TECDOC233. To study the effect of reflector types on the reactor effective multiplication factor, five types of reflectors such as pure beryllium, beryllium, heavy water, carbon and...