Estrogen is considered a major regulator of adipose tissue in females. Estrogen increases circulating levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a hormone with renal and cardiovascular effects. The aim of this study was to determine the status of the natriuretic peptide system in female follitropin-receptor knockout (FORKO) mice that could be associated with obesity and hypertension observed i...

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is used as a marker of cardiac dysfunction to predict heart failure mortality. The significance of the prognostic ability of BNP for liver cirrhosis remains unknown, although the levels of BNP seen in cirrhosis are high. We aimed to determine whether the BNP level is related to the stage of cirrhosis and could serve as a prognostic marker of cirrhosis (predict th...

23 The reported effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) 24 are variable, dependent on concomitant hemodynamic actions and likely to be regionally 25 differentiated. There are few reports of the effect of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) on SNA 26 and none have measured cardiac SNA (CSNA) by direct microneurography. 27 We measured the effects of low dose A...

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus and heart failure frequently coexist. However, few diabetes mellitus trials have prospectively evaluated and adjudicated heart failure as an end point. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 16 492 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a history of, or at risk of, cardiovascular events were randomized to saxagliptin or placebo (mean follow-up, 2.1 years). The primary...

The cardiovascular system is regulated by hemodynamic and neurohumoral mechanisms. These regulatory systems play a key role in modulating cardiac function, vascular tone, and structure. Although neurohumoral systems are essential in vascular homeostasis, they become maladaptive in disease states such as hypertension, coronary disease, and heart failure. The clinical success of ACE inhibitors ha...

Measured by Elecsys 2010 Assay in a Trial of Hormoneguided Treatment for Heart Failure, Richard W. Troughton, Christopher M. Frampton, Timothy G. Yandle, Eric A. Espiner, Gary Nicholls, and Mark Richards (Christchurch Cardioendocrine Research Group, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Christchurch, 8001 New Zealand; * address correspondence to this author at: Department of Medi...

The role of the revised cardiac risk index in risk stratification has recently been challenged by studies reporting on the superior predictive ability of pre-operative B-type natriuretic peptides. We found that in 850 vascular surgical patients initially risk stratified using B-type natriuretic peptides, reclassification with the number of revised cardiac risk index risk factors worsened risk s...

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), initially isolated from porcine brain [3], is the most recently characterized member of the natriuretic peptide family. The human CNP gene consists of at least two exons and an intron [4]. Whereas synthesis of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) has been demonstrated mainly in the heart, but also in various other organs [2, 5], CNP m R N A in ma...

Will reading habit influence your life? Many say yes. Reading measurement of pro c type natriuretic peptide in plasma technical briefs is a good habit; you can develop this habit to be such interesting way. Yeah, reading habit will not only make you have any favourite activity. It will be one of guidance of your life. When reading has become a habit, you will not make it as disturbing activitie...

BACKGROUND The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) family is a complex system consisting of at least three polypeptides and at least three types of receptor. Each peptide interacts with different types of receptor at varying degrees of affinity. To determine if natriuretic peptide levels influence natriuretic peptide receptor expression and regulation, we examined the expression of guanylyl cyclas...