Viable microbial cells distributed in a 130 microim thick surface layer of cotton fabrics were stained with a fluorescent glucose, 2- [N- (7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino] -2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-NBDG), and automatically mapped with an ultra-deep focusing range microscope (UDF) system. The software of the UDF system was upgraded and the number of Candida albicans cells could be counted a...

We introduce PFunkel, a versatile method for extensive, researcher-defined DNA mutagenesis using a ssDNA or dsDNA template. Once the template DNA is prepared, the method can be completed in a single day in a single tube, and requires no intermediate DNA purification or sub-cloning. PFunkel can be used for site-directed mutagenesis at an efficiency approaching 100%. More importantly, PFunkel all...

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The objective of this study was to describe the criteria mentioned by users evaluating the information within documents as it related to the users’ information need situations. Data were collected by asking users in an academic environment to evaiuate representations and the full text of documents that had been retrieved specifically for each user’s information need situation. Users were asked ...

Information sharing can be effective with structured data. However, there are several challenges for having structured data on the web. Creating structured concept definitions is difficult and multiple conceptualizations may exist due to different user requirements and preferences. We propose consolidating multiple concept definitions into a unified virtual concept. We have implemented a system...

Web archives are valuable resources. However, they are characterized by a high degree of redundancy. Not only does this redundancy waste computing resources, but it also deteriorates users’ experience, since they have to sift through and weed out redundant content. Existing methods focus on identifying near-duplicate documents, assuming a universal notion of redundancy, and can thus not adapt t...

SigmaPlot ́s unique feature of using custom-made transforms not only allows various convenient calculations with data in a worksheet but also enables the construction of theoretical curves, for example. The latter was an argument for using this program in dose-response curve studies in the field of pharmacology [1, 2] first and in toxicology [3], more recently. To illustrate how useful working w...

In many situations, automated multi-alignment programs are not able to correctly align families of nucleic acid or protein sequences. Difficult cases comprise not only distantly related sequences but also tandem duplications independent of their evolutionary age. Frequently, additional biological information is available that establishes homologies at least in parts of the sequences based on st...

Centrifugal compressors produce high pressure ratio and rotate at speeds. So, a tiny unbalance can produce severe vibration. In this paper, effects of impeller gap on rotor vibration in a high speed centrifugal compressor is investigated. For this purpose, a numerical and experimental analysis are carried out. The moving reference frame method in FLUENT software is used for modeling of geometri...