Ultra-precision manufacturing (UPM) is a promising technology for fabricating micro-components and its production volume raises in the coming future due to significant increase highly technological products nowadays. Therefore, UPM industries are accountable executing sustainability practices minimize negative environmental impacts from their activities. However, sustainable difficult execute p...

A portable ultra-wide band microwave system (MiS) coupled with an open-ended coaxial probe (OCP) or Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (VPA) was tested as a non-invasive objective measurement to predict beef carcase single site fat depth at commercial abattoirs. Experiment one the effectiveness of MiS VPA. The VPA used hot P8 (fat on rump) across 4 slaughter groups (n = 241). also cold rib (at quarterin...