Abstract Innovation in transportation and mobility is central to sustainable development. There a widespread awareness that society would benefit if became more sustainable, promoting economic growth while respecting the environment. This paper introduces SNAP, four-wheel pedal-assisted electric vehicle represents new concept towards filling gap between bicycle automobile. The choice of archite...

Elastic metamaterials possess band gaps, or frequency ranges that are forbidden to wave propagation. Existing solutions for impeding three-dimensional (3D) propagation largely rest on high-volume fractions of mass inclusions induce and tailor negative effective density-based local resonances. This study introduces a class elastic achieve low-frequency gaps with volume fraction as low 3% (mass d...