The UV Index was introduced in Canada in 1992 in response to growing concerns about the potential increase of ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to ozone depletion. The index was adopted as a standard indicator of UV levels by the World Meteorological Organization and World Health Organization in 1994. This survey article gives an overview of the UV Index and the main features of its geographical d...

Magneto-Mechano-Electric Generators In article number 2112028, Sam Nyung Yi, Jongmoon Jang, Geon-Tae Hwang, and co-workers demonstrate a >50 mW RMS-output magneto-mechano-electric generator achieved by hybridization of piezoelectric electromagnetic induction effects. The electric output energy is enough to continuously operate multifunctional IoT sensors, thus enabling verify ambient informatio...

A simultaneous comparison of human exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation at two locations was performed to study the effect of environmental factors and human attitudes on personal ultraviolet exposure. The study took place on 29 October 1996 in Toowoomba (27.5 degrees S, 151.9 degrees E) and Brisbane (27.4 degrees S, 153.1 degrees E), Queensland, Australia. From the data collected by calibra...

Ambient ultraviolet-B radiation can harm amphibian eggs, larvae and adults. However, some amphibians avoid UV-B radiation when given the opportunity. The strawberry poison dart frog, Oophaga pumilio, is diurnal and males vocalize throughout the day in light gaps under forest canopies that expose them to solar radiation. Previous studies have demonstrated that males calling from high perches are...

Low energies of near-ultraviolet radiation (300-400 nanometers), applied simultaneously with visible radiation to Nicotiana tabacum L. during daily illumination periods, increased levels of chlorogenic acid isomers, total soluble phenolics, alkaloids, and soluble sugars in expanding leaf lamina compared with controls that had near-ultraviolet filtered out. However, total nitrogen concentrations...

Global atmospheric changes such as depletion of ozone in the stratosphere are thought to lead to increased levels of ultraviolet radiation on earth. This can have adverse effects on human health, and long-term effects of ultraviolet light on the eye are of increasing concern. Ultraviolet light exposure to the eye has been associated with cataract formation and retinal degeneration. In both case...