Around the world, the Hidden Markov Models (HMM) are the most popular methods in the machine learning and statistics for modeling sequences, especially in speech recognition domain. According to the number of patent applications for speech recognition technology form 1988 to 1998, the trend shows that this method has become very mature. In this thesis, we will make a new use of the HMM and appl...

Research is ongoing to developways to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) fromagricultural sources. A convenient technique to estimate emissions is to develop emission factors for awide range of management practices. Default emission factors such as those given in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tier I methodology are often used but these can result in substantial errors w...

The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) continues to view with concern the lean pipeline for novel therapeutics to treat drug-resistant infections, especially those caused by gram-negative pathogens. Infections now occur that are resistant to all current antibacterial options. Although the IDSA is encouraged by the prospect of success for some agents currently in preclinical developme...

The ciliate subclass Haptoria is a diverse taxon that includes most of the free-living predators in the class Litostomatea. Phylogenetic study of this group was initially conducted using a single molecular marker small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA genes). Multi-gene analysis has been limited because very few other sequences were available. We performed phylogenetic analyses of Haptoria incor...

The dynamics of fermentation processes are very complex and not completely known. Some state variables are nonmeasurable, and the process parameters are strongly time dependent. Recently, there are some control methods like fuzzy learning and neural networks, which are promising in dealing with non-linearity, complexity, and uncertainly of these processes. These methods are suitable for the mod...

The left and right cerebral hemispheres of humans do not handle all aspects of visual information processing with equal ability. Instead, each hemisphere is better able than its partner to handle certain components of processing. Although there continues to be uncertainly surrounding exactly what the relevant components are, it has proved useful to decompose tasks into those processing componen...

The engineering of thermostable enzymes is receiving increased attention. The paper, detergent, and biofuel industries, in particular, seek to use environmentally friendly enzymes instead of toxic chlorine chemicals. Enzymes typically function at temperatures below 60°C and denature if exposed to higher temperatures. In contrast, a small portion of enzymes can withstand higher temperatures as a...

EXPERIENCE has shown that even carefully designed and tested robots may encounter anomalous situations. It is therefore important for robots to monitor their state so that anomalous situations may be detected in a timely manner. Robot fault diagnosis typically requires tracking a very large number of possible faults in complex non-linear dynamic systems with noisy sensors. Traditional methods e...

Radiation effects on mortality from solid cancers other than lung, liver, and bone cancer in the Mayak worker cohort: 1948-2008. The cohort of Mayak Production Association (PA) workers in Russia offers a unique opportunity to study the effects of prolonged low dose rate external gamma exposures and exposure to plutonium in a working age population. We examined radiation effects on the risk of m...

The plastic industry is considered one of the most dynamic industries with highest competitive projection in country [1]. Thanks to advances this industry, new products have been developed various applications at industrial, commercial, service levels, and society’s daily lives. Plastics are highly demanded their chemical physical properties, versatility, low cost. However, many challenges aris...